VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule

Halichlorine 11 is a structurally unique alkaloid that was isolated from the sponge Halichondria okadai and found to act as an inhibitor of the induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), a potential target in the development of drugs for the treatment of several vascular diseases. The strategies employed for the construction of its spiroquinolizidine unit are summarized in Scheme 106. 

ICAM-1, ICAM-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM). Platelets are attracted to damaged endothelium where they adhere to prevent blood loss in a similar fashion to white blood cells, i.e. via adhesion molecule interactions, to form a clot (thrombus). 

Other groups have emphasized that previous infections are an independent risk factor for acute stroke. This phenomenon might be at least in part attributable to the activation of cytokines and adhesion molecules such as the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) (5). 

Most of the IL-1 activity in plasma is from IL-lp, IL-la existing mainly in an intracellular or membrane-associated IL-1 shares many of its functions with TNF, but important differences between IL-1 and TNF exist. For example, IL-1 is in general not toxic, and TNF is a potent cytotoxic effector (see the Biological Actions of TNF section). One of their shared functions is the induction of expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) by endothelial cells. Studies have indicated that TNF may be more important than IL-1 in induction of VCAM expression at least in the nasal mucosa. ... 

Other members of the Ig-superfamily function in conjunction with counter-receptors from separate families of adhesion molecules in various events such as leukocyte trafficking and the movement of immune cells and probably tumor cells across cell barriers in inflammation and metastasis. These glycoproteins (Fig. 10) are the immune cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1, -2 and -3, the vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM and the platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule PECAM [131-134]. 

OTHER CYTOKINES ENDOTHELIAL DERIVED CHEMOKINES INTRACELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULES (ICAM) VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULES (VCAM) MONOCYTE CtX.C JY STIMULATING FACTOR (MCSF) MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT FACTOR-1 (MCP -1) SELECTINS... 

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