Cynomolgus macaque

J8. Johnson, A. D Berberian, P. A., and Bond, M. G Effect of heat shock proteins on survival of isolated aortic cells from normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus macaques. Atherosclerosis 84, 111-119(1990). 

Isaksson E, Cline JM, Skoog L, Soderqvist G, Wilking N, von Schoultz E, von Schoultz B (1999) p53 expression in breast and endometrium during estrogen and tamoxifen treatment of surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. Breast Cancer Res Treat 53(l) 61-67... 

Egan, M.A., Chong, S.Y., Hagen, M., et al. (2004) A comparative evaluation of nasal and parenteral vaccine adjuvants to elicit systemic and mucosal HIV-1 peptide-specific humoral immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. Vaccine 22(27-28), 3774-3788. 

Figure 9.11 Alignment FceRI-alpha chain protein sequences across species. Human, mouse, rat, dog, cynomolgus macaque, and rhesus macaque protein sequences coding for the alpha chain of the IgE receptor (FcsRI) were aligned and compared. Residues that are identical in all six species are highhghted in red. Residues common to more than half the sequences are listed in blue, and residues found to be identical in half the sequences or less are shown in black. See color insert.

Keler T, Halk E, Vitale L, et al. Activity and safety of CTLA-4 blockade combined with vaccines in cynomolgus macaques. / Immunol 2003 171(ll) 6251-9. 

Tarantal AF, O Brien WD, Hendrickx AG. Evaluation of the bioeffects of prenatal ultrasound exposure in the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) III. Developmental and hematologic studies. Teratology 1993 47(2) 159-70. 

Reacts with cynomolgus macaque, no crossreactivity with rodents... 

Omalizumab and adalimumab are examples of monoclonal antibodies, developed for chronic non-life-threatening indication, that showed cross-reactivity to cynomolgus macaques as well as to humans. This broader species cross-reactivity allowed for a more thorough preclinical safety evaluation of the human monoclonal antibody developed for human use in the cynomolgus macaque. In the case of omalizumab, fertility studies and developmental tox-icitiy studies were conducted in macaques in addition to the chronic toxicity studies. For adalimumab, no reproductive and developmental toxicity studies were conducted. The value of conducting fertility and developmental studies in macaques with monoclonal antibodies is described in Chapter 17. 

Crotty, S. Lohman, B.L. Lu, F.X. Tang, S. Miller, C.J. Andino, R. Mucosal immunization of cynomolgus macaques with two serotypes of live poliovirus vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus antigens stimulation of humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunity. J. Virol. 1999, 75, 9485-9495. 

Hawkes WC, Willhite CC, Omaye ST, et al. 1994. Selenium kinetics, placenta transfer, and neonatal exposure in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Teratology 50 148-159. 

In this context, successful transmission of L-type BSE has been reported in a cynomolgus macaque monkey inoculated by the intra-cerebral route. This infection... 

Rutten K, Basile JL, Prickaerts J et al (2008) Selective PDE inhibitors rolipram and sildenafil improve object retrieval performance in adult cynomolgus macaques. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 196 643-648... 

Virtaneva K, Porcella S, Graham M, Ireland R, Johnson C, Ricklefs S, Babar I, Parkins L, Romero R, Com G, Gardner DJ, Bailey JR, Parnell MJ, Musser JM Longitudinal analysis of the group A Streptococcus transcriptome in experimental pharyngitis in cynomolgus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 9014-9019. 

The perinatal nodes from cynomolgus macaques contain primary follicles. T cells are centro-foUicularly positioned whereas the B cell population is located toward the periphery. Macrophages are present in the medulla and dendritic cells are present in the paracortex (Makori et al., 2003). 

Figure 9.2-5 shows an example of lymphocyte subsets in dams throughout pregnancy and in fetuses (cord blood). At GD 100, the percent of T and B lymphocytes in the blood is similar in the dams and the fetuses, but the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocytes is greater in the fetuses than in the dams. The greater proportion of CD4+ T cells versus CD8+ T cells in blood is consistent with the previously published immunophenotypic studies of the macaque spleen but not of the thymus (Hendrickx et al., 2002, 2005). In cynomolgus macaque blood there is no change in the percent of CD4+/CD8+ cells from 2 months of age postpartum to 6 months of age, and the ratios are similar to those seen in the adult (Martin et al., 2007). 

Figure 9.2-5 Percent of B and T lymphocytes determined by flow cytometry analysis in pregnant cynomolgus macaque and fetal (cord) blood. Each bar represents the mean SEM of data from 14 pregnant macaques and six fetuses.

Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox [pdf 564 kb] [247]... 

Jahrling P B, Hensley L E, Martinez M J, et al. (2004). Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101 15196-15200.337. 

Hematological and serological abnormalities similar to those observed in human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed in cynomolgus macaques fed a diet containing 40% alfalfa sprouts. In animals that developed hematological and serological abnormalities, placement on a diet containing 1% of the compound L-canavanine sulfate for 4 weeks reactivated previously observed abnormalities... 

Virtaneva, K., Graham, M. R., Porcella, S. F., et al. (2003) Group A Streptococcus gene expression in humans and cynomolgus macaques with acute pharyngitis. Infect. Immun. 71, 2199-2207. 

To reduce animal-specific differences in the data, all cynomolgus macaques should ideally be of the same sex and of similar age ( 2-4 years old). It should be noted, however, that mixed sex experiments and animals ranging in age from 2 to 9 years have previously been used successfully (22). Similarly, differences in animal weights should be minimaUzed and taken into consideration during the grouping process. 

Cynomolgus macaque tonsils are routinely larger in size than human tonsils, and hence it is normal for macaques to have pre-infection tonsil size scores of+1 or +2. 

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