Variable fragment

Variable Fragment (Fv) The tips of the two Y arms vary greatly from one antibody to another. They are the regions that bind to epitopes of antigens and bring them to the natural killer cells and macrophages for destruction. 

Antigen-Binding Fragments (Fab), Fab, and F(ab )2- Various parts that contain the variable fragment. 

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (United States) variable fragment... 

ESI and APCI produce predominantly pseudo-molecular ions [M + H] + species in a positive mode and [M — H] in negative ion mode, with variable fragmentation depending upon the cone voltage used and, in the case of APCI, on the temperamre used. Adduct ions are very often seen in ESI, and it is these that can cause most problems to inexperienced users, but they can be useful. Their formation depends on the coordinating properties, polarity and concentration of the analyte and to some extent on the solvent being used. 

W A variable gronp of atoms which can form two or more bonds to a skeletal gronp and/or an active site (a variable fragment). 

De Jaeger, G. et al.. High level accumulation of single-chain variable fragments in the cytosol of transgenic Petunia hybrida. Eur. J. Biochem., 259, 426, 1999. 

Haidaris, C. G., Malone, J., Sherrill, L. A., Bliss, J. M., Gaspari, A. A., Insel, R. A., et al. (2001) Recombinant human antibody single chain variable fragments reactive with Candida albicans surface antigens. J. Immunol. Meth. 257, 185-202. 

Fu Y, Shearing LN, Haynes S, Crewther P, Tilley L, Anders RF, Foley M, Isolation from phage display libraries of single chain variable fragment antibodies that recognize conformational epitopes in the malaria vaccine candidate, apical membrane antigen-1, J. Biol. Chem., 272(41) 25678-25684, 1997. 

Figure 32.3. The structure of the antibody molecule. All immunoglobulins consist of a basic subunit made up of four polypeptide chains (two light and two heavy) bound together by disulfide bonds. The variable region of the molecule contains the antigen binding site. Papain digestion yields a constant fragment (Fc) and variable fragments (Fab).

Liu R, Yuan B, Emadi S, Zameer A, Schulz P, McAllister C, Lyub-chenko Y, Goud G, Sierks MR (2004) Single chain variable fragments against beta-amyloid (Abeta) can inhibit Abeta aggregation and prevent abeta-induced neurotoxicity. Biochemistry 43 6959-6967. 

RPPs have been designed to capture proteins from cellular or tissue lysate samples or present in the serum or plasma onto surfaces (12), which are further identified by an affinity reagent such as antibody, single-chain variable fragments, and aptamers, among others. Thus, the signal could be related to specific protein detection and it could be affected by antibody affinity and... 

Gll. Glenner, G. G., Harbaugh, J., Ohms, J. I., Harada, M., and Cuaprecasas, P., An amyloid protein The amino-terminal variable fragment of an immunoglobulin light chain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41, 1287-1289 (1970). 

Levy-Mintz, P., Duan, L. X., Zhang, H. Z., Hu, B. C., Domadula, G., Zhu, M. H Kulkosky, J., Bizub-Bender, D., Skalka, A. M., and Pomerantz, R. J. (1996) Intracellular expression of single-chain variable fragments to inhibit early stages of the viral life cycle by targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. J. Virol. 70, 8821-8832. 

S. Petit, F. Brard, G. Coquerel, G. Perez, F. Tron. Structural models of antibody variable fragments a method for investigating binding mechanisms. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 1998, 12, 147-163. 

---