Variability anthropogenic

Variables Anthropogenic Factor Hardness Biological Factor Acidic Factor R2... 

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas within the atmosphere. Water vapour is a greater contributor to the natural greenhouse effect (55-70% of the total radiative absorption compared to COj s 25%). However, the large inherent variability in atmospheric water vapour compared to the anthropogenically... 

Anthropogenic Emissions and Climate Variability. Journal of Geophysical Research 103(DI 3) 15979-15993. Fkickinger, J., ct al. (1999). Variations in Atmospheric NjO Concentration During Abrupt Climate Changes. Science 285 227-230. 

The key to understanding the natural variability of climate and its response to natural or anthropogenic forcings is to understand fully both forcings and feedbacks. Forcings are relatively... 

Ecological Variability Separating Naturalfrom Anthropogenic Causes of Ecosystem Impairment... 

Prats J, Val R, Armengol J, Dolz J (2010) Temporal variability in the thermal regime of the lower Ebro River (Spain) and alteration due to anthropogenic factors. Journal of Hydrology 387 105-118... 

Indeed this approach is shown to be the most appropriate for the Asian part of Russia, China, Thailand, Taiwan, where, at present, adequate information on the great spatial variability of natural and anthropogenic factors is either limited or absent (Bashkin and Park, 1998). 

Inorganic and organic compounds are often present in the environment in complex forms. Levels of contaminating metals and molecules are variable, depending on the natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. The contaminants may be airborne as vapour, droplets or dust particles, and in the soil in aqueous or particulate forms. In the case of aqueous systems, they can exist as emulsions, as dissolved ions or molecules and as suspended or sedimentary particles. Environmental particles have been reviewed in the first two volumes of this series [1,2]. 

The first three components suggest regional sources of acidic anthropogenic aerosol, the marker elements of a copper smelter, and seasalt, respectively. The fourth component or the ammonium In component three do not provide a ready Interpretation of a known emission or meteorological source of variability. The negative correlation of nitrate with component two Is consistent with separate Influences of the copper smelter and automobile emissions. 

K-means cluster analysis is an excellent method for the reduction of individual-partide datai if extra clusters are used to allow for the non-spherical shape and natural variability of atmospheric particles. The "merge" method for choosing seedpoints is useful for detecting the types of lew abundance particles that are interesting for urban atmospheric studies. Application to the Phoenix aerosol suggests that the ability to discriminate between various types of crustal particles may yield valuable information in addition to that derived from particle types more commonly associated with anthropogenic activity. 

The sediment concentrations of anthropogenic compounds in the cove were somewhat less variable than upstream this probably reflects the greater bottom uniformity of the cove. Fewer of the plant s compounds were detected in sediment from the channel where the cove leads into the brackish river (Point 18, Figure 1). Found at this location were various phenols (no. 28, 30a, 30b, 31, 33, 38, 39), di-t-butyl-benzoqui-none (no. 57), 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (no. 35), three benzotriazoles (no. 6, 10, 12), 4,4 -dichloro-3(trifluoromethyl) carbanilide (no. 77), and 2-chloro-4,6-bis-isopropylamino-s-triazine (no. 14). The only compounds from the plant detected in the sediment sample from the brackish river (Point 19) were the two high molecular weight benzotriazoles (no. 10 and 12) and methyl 3-(3 ,5 -di-t-butyl-4 -hydroxphenyl) propionate (no. 46). 

The isotopic compositions of the industrial sulfur sources are generally so variable, that the assessment of anthropogenic contributions to the atmosphere is extremely difficult. Krouse and Case (1983) were able to give semiquantitative estimates for a unique situation in Alberta where the industrial SO2 had a constant value near 20%c. Generally, situations are much more complicated which limits the fingerprint character of the sulfur isotope composition of atmospheric sulfur to such rare cases. 

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