Abrupt climate change

Anthropogenic Emissions and Climate Variability. Journal of Geophysical Research 103(DI 3) 15979-15993. Fkickinger, J., ct al. (1999). Variations in Atmospheric NjO Concentration During Abrupt Climate Changes. Science 285 227-230. 

Manabe, S. and Stouffer, R. J. (1995). Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 378,165-167. 

Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice. Nature 391,141-146. 

In situations with no observed data, one possible means to evaluate status is to use a similar analogous site for which data are available, and to assume that the assessment made from the observed data can be applied validly to both sites. The site for which data are available must have good status according to the WFD. For instance, bodies subject to similar pressures and with similar characteristics could be grouped. It is noteworthy that proximity cannot be taken on its own as an indication of similarity since the features of the catchments, such as climate, topography and ecology, can change abruptly. 

Alley, Richard B., "Abrupt Climate Change," Scientific American, Volume 291 Number 5, November 2004, p. 64. 

Fig. 9.7 Isotope records of abrupt climate change at the Younger-Dryas Preboreal transition 11,600 years BP taken from Greenland ice core data. The 8lsO, 815N2, and 840Ar isotopic records are plotted from top to bottom (Reprinted from Grachev, A. M. and Severinghaus, J. P. Quat. Sci. Rev. 24, 513 (2005), copyright 2005, with permission from Elsevier)...

Thompson P, Schwarcz HP, Ford DE (1974) Continental Pleistocene climatic variationa from speleothem age and isotopic data. Science 184 893-895 Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Henderson KA (2000) Ice-core palaeoclimate records in tropical South America since the last glacial maximum, J Quaternary Sci 15 377-394 Thompson LG, et al, (2006) Abrupt tropical climate change past and present, Proc Nat Acad Sci 103 10536-10543... 

Zachos, J. C. Lohmann, K. C. Walker, J. C. G. Wise, S. W. (1993). Abrupt climate change and transient climates during the paleocene a marine perspective. Journal of Geology, 101, 191. 

Researchers at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) at Columbia University in New York are studying the occurrence and causes of abrupt climate change. 

If such an abrupt climate change were to occur today in the same region of the world, LDEO researchers say that the effects would reach further than a local drop in agriculture. Due to the current political focus on that particular region, such an event could have globe-spanning consequences. 

Abrupt Climate Change. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Web site. Available online. URL http // www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/div/ocp/arch/. 

Abrupt climate changes are especially substantial in transitions from one climatic state to another. Therefore, if anthropogenic forcings of climate do favor the drifting... 

Broecker W.S. (2003). Does the trigger for abrupt climate change reside in the ocean or in the atmosphere Science, 300(5625), 1519-1522. 

The climatic conditions in India facilitate its role as a global contamination source for persistent toxic substances. Many geographers characterize the climatic changes in India as violent. There are often abrupt changes on the onset of monsoon rains, sudden flooding, rapid erosion, extremes of temperatures, tropical storms and unpredictable fluctuations in rainfall (www.indianchild.com/climate india.htm). By all these, India represents wide range of climates. 

The glacial phases were events of extreme climatic conditions, manifested by a significant increase in the global snow cover. By how many degrees was the local ambient temperature lower What were the temperatures in the intermediate warmer phases How abrupt were the climatic changes Were there any phases of temperatures higher than the current ones ... 

Pliickiger, J., Dallenbach, A., Blunier, T., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. P., Raynaud, D., and Bamola, J. M. (1999). Variations in atmospheric N2O concentration during abrupt climate changes. Science 285,... 

Severinghaus J. P., Sowers T., Brook E. J., Alley R. B., and Bender M. L. (1998) Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice. Science 391, 141 -146. 

Severinghaus J. P., Grachev A., Luz B., and Caillon N. (2003) A method for precise measurement of argon 40/36 and krypton/argon ratios in trapped air in polar ice with applications to past firn thickness and abrupt climate change... 

Zachos J. C., Lohmann K. C., Walker J. C. G., Wise S. W., and Anonymous (1993) Abrupt climate changes and transient climates during the Paleogene a marine perspective. J. Geol. 101(2), 191-213. 

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