Valeriana officinalis extraction

Ortiz JG, Nieves-Natal J, Chavez P. (1999). Effects of Valeriana officinalis extracts on [3H]flunitrazepam binding, synaptosomal [3H]GABA uptake, and hippocampal [3H]GABA release. Neurochem Res. 24(11) 1373-78. 

Valeriana officinalis Valeriana officinalis extract Valeriana officinalis root extract Valerian extract. See Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract Valerianic acid. See n-Valeric acid Valerianic aldehyde. See n-Valeraldehyde Valerian root extract. See Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)... 

Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods soothing agent in cosmetics Regulatory FDA 21CFR 172.510 NF compliance Japan approved Manuf/Distrib. CPB Infl. http //www.cpbweb.com, Chart http //www.chartcorp.com, Fortitech http //www.fortitech.com, Frutarom http //www.frutarom.com, PureWorld Botanicals http //www.pureworld.com RIA Inf I. http //www.riausa.com, Stryka Botanies http //www.stryka.com Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract CAS 8057-49-6 EINECS/ELINCS 232-501-7 FEMA 3099... 

Synonyms Valeriana officinalis Valeriana officinalis extract Valeriana officinalis root extract Valerian extract Valerian root extract... 

Pellitory (Parietaria officinalis) extract Rosmarinic acid Sandalwood (Santalum album) extract Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) extract Stearyl glycyrrhetinate Summer savory (Satureia hortensis) extract Tormentil (Potentilla erecta) extract Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) extract Walnut (Juglans regia) leaf extract... 

Cavadas C, Araujo I, Cotrim MD, et al. In vitro study on the interaction of Valeriana officinalis L. extracts and their amino acids on GABAA receptor in rat brain. Arzne imittelforschung 1995 45 753-755. 

Opioid A recent study has shown activity of hypericum extracts at opioid receptors (Simmen et al. 1998). Extracts displace naloxone from p and x opioid receptors in the micromolar range (IC50 25 and 90 pg/ml, respectively). In contrast, extracts of the sedative herb Valeriana officinalis do not have this effect. This effect is due to unidentified constituents and not by the flavonoids quercetin or kaemferol. Opioids are known to have effects on emotion, so it is conceivable that activity of hypericum at p and k receptors contributes to its therapeutic effects (Gerra et al. 1998 Tejedor-Real et al. 1995 Walker and Zacny 1998). Although they are not conventional treatment for depression, opioids such as buprenorphine have been effective in treatment of refractory depression (Bodkin et a. 1995). However, for any further conclusions to be drawn, it would be necessary to further e uddate the opioid effects of hypericum to determine what functional effect, if any, hypericum has on the receptors. 

Hiller KO, Zetler G. (1996). Neuropharmacological studies on ethanol extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. behavioural and anticonvulsant properties. Phytother Res. 10(2) 145-151. 

Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, Munoz-Box R. (1982). Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 17(1) 65-71. Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L. (1997). Kava—the Pacific Elixir The Definitive Guide to Its Ethnobotany, History, and Chemistry. Rochester, VT Healing Arts Press. [Originally published New Haven Yale University Press, 1992.]... 

Ferreira F, Santos MS, Faro C, et al. Effects of extracts of valeriana officinalis on ( H)GABA-release in synaptosomes further evidence for the involvement of free GABA in the valerian-induced release. Rev Portuguese Farm 1996 46 74-77. 

Valerian Valeriana officinalis) The roots of this plant are dried to produce a potent extract that induces sleepiness and helps treat insomnia. Like lavender, it depresses the activity of the central nervous system in a fashion similar to stronger prescription tranquilizers such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, but without the dulling or hangover effects the next day or impairing the ability to drive a car. 

The commercial valerian products consist of, or are derived from, the rhizome, roots, and stolons of Valeriana officinalis L. The crude herb is dried and may be used as is or to prepare an extract that can be used to make an oral solution, tablet, capsule, or tea. Active constituents of valerian include acetoxyvalerenic acid, 1-acevaltrate, baldrinal, didrovaltrate, hydroxyvalerenic acid, kessane derivatives, valeranone, valerenal, valerenic acid, and valtrate (Figure 65.1). 

Note Valerian consists of the dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis Linne (Fam. Valerianaceae). It has been employed as an antianxiety agent and sleep aid for more than 1000 years. The drug contains from 0.3 to 0.7% of an unpleasant-smelling volatile oil containing bornyl acetate and the sesquiterpenoids, valerenic acid, and acetoxyvalerenolic acid. Also present is a mixture of lipophilic iridoid principles known as valepotriates. These bicyclic monoterpenoids are quite unstable and occur only in the fresh plant or in material dried at temperatures under 40°C. Although the specific active principals of valerian have not been determined, it is possible that a combination of the sesquiterpenoids and the valepotriates may be involved. The drug may be administered as a tea prepared from 2 to 3 g of the dried herb or equivalent amounts of a tincture or extract may be employed. 

There is a small group of alkaloids related to the iridane monoterpenes which have the general structure (86). The synthesis of a new representative, valerianine (86 R = OMe), found in Valeriana officinalis L., has been described (Scheme 2), and an isomer (87) of the known actinidine (86 R = H) has been made from citronellonitrile (88) (Scheme 3). Thin-layer chromatography of V. officinalis extracts shows 12 zones whose constituents react with DragendorfTs reagent. ... 

The amounts of valepotriates and baldrinals in valerian extracts depend on the botanical species root extracts of Valeriana officinalis contain up to 0.9% of valepotriates, compared with 2-4% and 5-7% of valepotriates in root extracts of Valeriana wallichii and Valeriana mexicana respectively. 

Several studies describe the hypnotie activity of flavonoids. Apigenin is a flavonoid that showed sedative and antidepressant activity [367]. The flavonoids and indole alkaloids of P. incarnata L., also showed sedative effects [368]. Linarin, a flavonoid-isolated from Valeriana officinalis L. showed sedative and sleep-enhancing properties (Fernandez et al., 2004). The nonvolatile fraction of L. alba, extracted in ethanol, presented sedative and myorelaxing effects among the extracts tested, these possess the highest flavonoid content [296]. 

Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, Munoz-Box R. Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982 17 65-71. 

Mennini P, Bernasconi P, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P. In vitro study on the interaction of extracts and pure compounds from Valeriana officinalis roots with GABA, benzodiazepine and b arbiturate receptors in rat brain. Fitoterapia 1993 64 291-300. 

Rosecrans Ja, Defeo JJ, Youngken HW. Pharmacological investigation of certain Valeriana officinalis L. extracts. J Pharmaceut Sci 1961 50 240-244. 

Results of animal studies reflect the clinical data. Sedative properties of Valdispert (dried aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis [L.]) in mice were documented based on reduced spontaneous movement and an increase in thiopental-induced sleep time however, these effects were slightly less than those of diazepam and chlorpromazine. No significant anticonvulsant effect was observed (Leuschner et al., 1993). 

Pharmacological investigations using a particular valepotriate fraction called Vpl2 extracted from the roots of Valeriana officinalis (L.) have shown antiarrhythmic activity and ability to dilate coronary arteries in experimental animals. Moderate positive inotropic and a negative chronotropic effect were also observed. Vpt2 contains valtratum (50%), valeridine (25%), and valechlorin (3%), with trace amounts of acevaltrate, dihydrovaltratum, and epi-7-desacetyl-isovaltrate (Petkov, 1979). 

Two alcoholic valerian extracts were found to potentiate pentobarbital sleeping time in mice (Rosecrans et al., 1961), and Valdispert , an aqueous extract prepared from Valeriana officinalis (L.), increased the thiopental sleeping time in a dose-dependent manner in rats (Leuschner et al., 1993). Based on these animal studies, in vitro studies of valerian s effect on GABAergic transmission, as well as the case series reported by Chan and colleagues, valerian... 

An ethanol extract of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) was shown to modestly prolong thiopental anaesthesia in mice, possibly via its effects on the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor."... 

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