Vaccines peptide epitope-based

Maeurer, M. J., Storkus, W. J., Kirkwood, J.M. and Lotze, M.T. (1996) New treatment options for patients with melanoma review of melanoma-derived T-cell epitope-based peptide vaccines. Melanoma Res., 6, 11-24. 

Development of a peptide vaccine is derived from the identification of the immunodominant epitope of an antigen (141). A polypeptide based on the amino acid sequence of the epitope can then be synthesized. Preparation of a peptide vaccine has the advantage of allowing for large-scale production of a vaccine at relatively low cost. It also allows for selecting the appropriate T- or B-ceU epitopes to be included in the vaccine, which may be advantageous in some cases. Several vaccines based on peptide approaches, such as SPf66 (95) for malaria and an HIV-1 peptide (142) have been in clinical trials. No peptide vaccines are Hcensed as yet. 

Dudek NL, Perlmutter P, Aguilar MI et al (2010) Epitope discovery and their use in peptide based vaccines. Curr Pharm Des 16 3149-3157... 

Peptides that present allergen-specific T-cell epitopes retain the ability to immuno-modulate T-cells, but less an ability to cross-link IgE and activate effectors cells. For example, synthetic peptides-based vaccine derived from major peanut allergen, Ara h 2 composed of thirty 20-mers that overlapped by 15 amino acids (Sicherer and Sampson 2007). Subcutaneous or intranasal administration of the vaccine reduced Ara h 2-specific IgE and plasma histamine release levels as well as anaphylactic symptoms scores in a murine model of peanut anaphylaxis. 

Bioconjugates play an important role in several fields of biomolecular and biomedicinal sciences. Protein/polypeptide-based conjugates with covalently attached epitope peptides are considered as potential synthetic vaccine candidates and/or target antigens in affinity-based bioassays (e.g., ELISA, BIACORE) (1,2). Drugs such as daunomycin, methotrexate, and a GnRH analog coupled either to monoclonal antibodies or to synthetic linear or branched polypeptides... 

---