Utility Openings

Additional examples of variability in data collection (which, in turn, affects data interpretation) include questionnaires and physical exam forms. Questionnaires often utilize open-ended questions that allow great variability in the type and extent of adverse event information gathered. Physical exam forms—even when designed in a checklist format—may elicit variable collection of adverse event data what is a serious event to one clinician may not be serious to another. 

This chapter addresses blast resistant considerations for doors, windows, utility openings, and special exterior and interior requirements. These considerations should be jointly addressed by the building design team. 

Accurately quantifying the amount of provitamin A carotenoids in a food product is essential for determining nutritional value of foods. The AO AC method for determination of vitamin A (974.29) and carotenoids (941.15 and 970.64) in foods utilizes open column chromatography combined with a colorimeter (vitamin A) or spectrophotometer (carotenoids) (Horwitz, 2006). It is recommended to extract with acetone-hexane followed by filtration, then remove the acetone by rinsing with water. The extracts in hexane are applied to an activated Mg02 diatomaceous earth column and eluted using acetone and hexane... 

Figure 28.4 Conceptual TDLAS set-up strategies, utilizing open-path configurations (with or without retro-reflector) or closed path (with single-point or multi-point sampling, annotated as POINT and DUCT monitors in the figure). The transmitter and receiver units may include beam guiding/forming elements, such as optical fibres, telescopes, multipath reflectors, etc. The set-up also indicates the option of simultaneous calibration to a reference standard...

Lee CH, Maibach HI (1994) Study of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis in man utilizing open application on subclinically irritated skin. Contact Dermatitis 30 271-275 Malten KE (1981) Thoughts on irritant contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 7 238-247... 

Between 1980 and 1987, the ASP funded the development of two larger-scale microalgae mass culture systems—one at the University of California and one at the University of Hawaii. Both systems utilized open raceway designs and performed their studies in ponds lOOm or less. The effects of fluid flow patterns, light intensity, dissolved O2 levels, pH, and algae harvesting methods were studied in both systems and locations. 

A previously-developed technique called serial lectin-affinity chromatography is available. Although the technique is almost identical to the lectin microarray in its essence, it lacks throughput and speed, because it utilizes open columns and... 

Utilization of LPG as motor fuel represents only a tiny fraction of the market, on the order of 30,000 t/an in France out of a total 3,000,000 t that is, about 1%. Globally, the fraction of LPG used in the transportation industry is on the order of 5% the other applications are essentially petrochemicals (25%) and the heating fuel sectors (70%). However noticeable openings in the LPG-fuel markets in some countries such as Japan (1.8 Mt), the United States (1.3 Mt), the Netherlands (0.9 Mt), Italy (0.8 Mt) and in certain regions (Latin America, Africa, and the Far East) have been observed for specialized vehicles such as taxis. 

Spironolactone is the most clinically usehil steroidal aldosterone antagonist, and unlike GR antagonists, this compound is utilized much more frequendy than aldosterone agonists. Interfering with reabsorption and secretion in the late distal segment, this compound is predominantiy used with other diuretics. Canrenone, an olefinic metaboHte of spironolactone, and potassium canrenoate, in which the C-17 lactone has been hydrolyzed open, are also potent mineralocorticoid antagonists. 

Open-Arc Furnaces. Most of the open-arc furnaces are used in melting and refining operations for steel and iron (Fig. 1). Although most furnaces have three electrodes and operate utilizing three-phase a-c power to be compatible with power transmission systems, d-c furnaces are becoming more common. Open-arc furnaces are also used in melting operations for nonferrous metals (particularly copper), slag, refractories, and other less volatile materials. 

The refractory used to constmct the hearth can be in the form of bricks, preformed shapes, or monolithic. Often a furnace design utilizes all three. Openings or passageways through the walls are fashioned in the same manner as windows in a brick building. 

Other routes to reachieving filament separation have been described and rely on mechanical or aerodynamic forces to affect separation. Figure 4 illustrates one method which utilizes a rotating deflector plane to force the filaments apart while depositing the opened filaments ia overlapping loops (25). After the splayed filaments fall to the deposition surface or forming screen, a suction from below the disposition surface holds the fiber mass in place. 

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