USAMRIID

USAMRIID also cites epidemiologic clues of a biological warfare of terrorism attack as follows ... 

In March of 2000, a microbiologist working with infectious diseases in a Biosafety Level 3 facility at USAMRIID contacted glanders due to accidental exposure. Between 1987 and 1990, two other workers acquired infectious diseases at the same facility. 

April of2002, a researcher at U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) tested positive for exposure to anthrax spores, which were also released in small quantities into an adjacent hallway and office. 

Also in 2002, government scientists revealed that over two dozen dangerous biological agents including anthrax, and Ebola went unaccounted for in the early 1990s at the US Army Medical Research Unit (USAMRIID) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. The location of these agents, which were subject to removal without authorization, remains a mystery. 

Drugs There is an antitoxin stored at the CDC. To arrange to use this antitoxin, call your state health department (or CDC at 404-639-2206 or 404-639-3753 workdays, or call weekends or evenings at 404-639-2888). This chemotherapy (antitoxin) available from CDC is a licensed trivalent equine antitoxin for serotypes A, B, and E. There is no reversal of botulism disease with this drug, but the antitoxin does usually prevent further nerve damage. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has a heptavalent equine despeciated antitoxin for serotypes A - G (IND). DOD also has pentavalent toxoid (vaccine) for serotypes A - E (IND). The currently recommended schedule is for use at zero, two, and twelve weeks with a one year booster. This vaccine is supposed to induce solidly protective antitoxin levels in greater that 90 percent of those vaccinated after one year. Contact USAMRIID, (U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases), Fort Detrick, Maryland. Tel. 301-619-2833. 

Vaccines IND 610 (inactivated whole cell vaccine given as single injection) is available through USAMRIID Fort Detrick, MD 21702 and Q-Vax (CSL Ltd., Parkville, Victoria, AUSTRALIA). This vaccine is effective in eliciting protection against exposure, but severe local reactions to this vaccine may be seen in those persons who already possess immunity. 

Information about clinical diagnosis and management can be found elsewhere.1-9 Additional information about responding to bioterrorism is available from CDC at http // www.bt.cdc.gov the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases at http // www.usamriid.army.mil/education/bluebook.html the Association for Infection Control Practitioners at http //www.apic.org and the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense at http //www.hopkins-biodefense.org. 

Franc, D.R., Defense against Toxin Weapons, U.S. Army Medical Research Command, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD, 1997. 

USAMRIID, Medical Management of Biological Casualties, 3rd ed., Fort Detrick, MD,1998. 

Wannemacher, R., Procedures for the inactivation and safe containment of toxins, adapted from a presentation by Wannemacher, R.W., Assistant Chief Toxicology Division, USAMRIID, 2000. 

Infectious Diseoses (USAMRHD) (USAMRIID. Blue Book. 6 h ed. Fort Detrick, MD April 2005.)... 

DoD itself supports a vast array of educational programs for professional personnel, both military and civilian, across all aspects of departmental activity. Some E T efforts focus on FDA. Under the USAMRMC, USAMRIID s Office of Product Development and Regulatory Affairs has increased its E T efforts markedly over the past five years. In 2000, it provided at least ten FDA-related courses ranging... 

Pace-Templeton interview (2001). Dr. Pace-Templeton subsequently provided the authors with significant written information about coursework provided by USAMRIID and Hood College. 

Friedlander, Arthur M., M.D., Colonel, U.S. Army, USAMRIID, telephone interview, August 6, 2001. 

Pace-Templeton, Judith G., Chief, Product Development and Regulatory Affairs, USAMRIID, April 19, 2001. 

U.S. Army Medicai Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. (2005). USAMRIID s Medical management of biological casualties handbook (6th ed.). Frederick, MD Author. 

No approved vaccine exists for any of the VHP infections other than yellow fever. A Lassa virus vaccine currently under development at USAMRIID has shown good efficacy in nonhuman primates (Geisbert, 2005). Collaborative efforts between the Canadian Special Pathogens Program and researchers from USAMRIID have led to the development of an experimental filovirus vaccine that also provides protection to nonhuman primates in a laboratory setting (Feldmann, Jones, Schnittler, Geisbert, 2005). 

Epidemiological Clues to a Biological Event. With awareness of the baseline data for their practice setting, nurses should be alert for unusual patterns of disease or health-related indicators. Representative examples of unusual patterns of diseases that might suggest a deliberate bioterrorist act are presented in Table 22.1 (U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USAMRIID], 2005 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2001). 

UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE http //chemdef.apgea.army.mil UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (USAMRIID) http //WWW. usamriid. army, mil UNITED STATES ARMY NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU http //www.ngb. army, mil... 

USAMRIID U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases... 

USAMRIID s Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook, 2005. 6th ed., available at http //www.usamriid.army.mil/education/instruct.htm. 

Franz, D. R. Defense against toxin weapons, in Textbook of Military Medicine Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, 1994. http //www.usamriid.army.mil/education/defensetox/ toxdefbook.pdf. Accessed 2 June, 2005. 

Wilhelmsen, C. (2000) USAMRIID. Defense Technical Report Accession ADB254692, unclassified (DOD Distribution only). 

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