United States colorant industry

High purity hexafluorozirconic acid and its salts are produced by Advance Research Chemicals of the United States, and Akita and Moritta of Japan. The technical-grade green-colored material is suppHed by Cabot Corp. of the United States. In 1993, the U.S. market for fluorozirconic acid was about 250,000 kg/yr the world market was less than 500,000 kg/yr. A principal part of this production is consumed by the wool, garment, and upholstery industries. The 1993 price varied between 2.4 to 6.6/kg depending on the quaUty and quantity required. Potassium fluorozirconate [16923-95-8], K ZrF, is commercially important the world market is about 750,000 kg/yr. The most important appHcation is as a fire-retardant material in the wool (qv) industry, for the manufacture of garments, upholstery for aeroplane industry, and children s clothes (see Flame retardants). The 1993 unit price was between 5.0 and 6.6/kg. 

Wood Preservation. The use of chromium compounds ia wood preservation is largely because of the excellent results achieved by chromated copper arsenate (CCA), available ia three modifications under a variety of trade names. The treated wood (qv) is free from bleeding, has an attractive ohve-green color, and is paintable. CCA is widely used, especially ia treating utility poles, bull ding lumber, and wood foundations. About 62% of all the chromic acid produced ia the United States is consumed by the wood preservation industry (77,167) (see Building materials, survey). 

W. C. Bainbridge, Ind. Eng Chem. 18, 1329—1331 (1926). Development of the food color industry in the United States. Interesting historically. 

Instant photographs are widely used for identification purposes, for example, for drivers Hcenses, student identification cards, and credit cards that can be issued immediately. Most passport photographs generated in the United States are instant color prints. Industrial and business appHcations include photographs of record for insurance purposes, constmction documentation, and real estate photography. 

In the instant reprographic field, Copycolor materials are used extensively in Europe but are not distributed in the United States. Principal markets are in seismological charts and maps for the oil industry, mapmaking, and reproduction of large graphs, charts, and engineering drawings. The films are also used for small color stats and for position proofs in layout work. 

Some 50% of all nylon is in the form of carpets almost exlusively colored with acid dyes, and around 50% of the carpet manufacturing industry is located in the United States. The acid dyes from Group 1 are those most widely used because they exhibit the rapid diffusion needed to penetrate the bulky yams used in carpets, especially bulk continuous filament yam used in tufted constmctions, with high exhaustion. Their wetfastness properties are generally adequate for most oudets. 

Dye setting, control of, 9 493-498 Dyesite content, of polymer fibers, 11 195 Dye solubility, modification of, 9 509 Dye stability, in color photography, 19 263 Dyestuff migration, 9 231-232 Dyestuff production trends in, 9 294t United States, 9 295 West European, 9 294t Dyestuffs industry, growth of, 9 238-239 Dye-transfer inhibition system, 10 284 Dye transfer system, in color photography, 19 242... 

Citric acid and its citrate compounds are widely used in hundreds of applications. Global production of citric acid in 2005 was 1.6 million tons, with China producing approximately 40% of the world supply. In the United States, approximately 65% of citric acid use is in the food and beverage industry. Citric acid is used as an acidulant to impart tartness, to control pH, as a preservative and antioxidant, as a metal chelator, and to stabilize color and taste. Citrate salts can be used as mineral and metal dietary supplement for example, calcium citrate... 

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