Vegetables, unicellular

These may be either unicellular or multicellular. Cotton is the only unicellular vegetable fibre which, as the classification implies, consists of a single cell. The multicellular fibres are usually extracted from the stems of herbaceous plants. The better known members of this group are flax, ramie, jute, and hemp. 

Table III. Production of Unicellular Vegetables and Fruits with CSE...

Vegetative microspores of Cryptogams are unicellular objects with hard cover, blue-fluorescence in ultra-violet light and elaters [serve as anchor to a substrate (soil)]. The cells are diploid and have autotrophic nutrition due to the presence of chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs. They germinate well in artificial nutrient medium or in water and ultra-violet light induces significant autofluorescence. 

Vegetable Silks. These are derived from various plants of the genii, Apocynecs and Asclepiadecs, and are remarkable for their peculiar lustre. The fibres, which are sometimes yellowish or reddish, are unicellular and appear as empty cylinders with very thin walls. Sometimes they exhibit at the base a characteristic reticulate aspect. The walls are lignified. 

Protozoa are unicellular organisms with a well-defined cell nucleus. Some species are capable of sexual reproduction, while others reproduce asexually. In addition to their vegetative (usually motile) forms, most protozoa also develop cysts as a permanent state under unfavourable external conditions. They move with the aid of flagella or cilia, by amoeboid locomotion, or in a winding, gliding manner. 

Perhaps the main problem with fungi concerns the question of what to use as the inoculum. Unicellular yeasts can be treated as for bacteria, but whether to use spores (which may be more resistant than the vegetative mycelium) or pieces of hyphae with the filamentous moulds, has yet to be fully resolved. Spore suspensions (in saline containing the wetting agent Tween 80) obtained from 7-day-old cultures... 

As described above, vegetable foods were completely decomposed with non-adsorbed fraction containing filter paperase. However, the non-adsorbed fraction including little or no filter paperase was also able to degrade vegetable foods. An examination under the microscope showed the existence of unicellular particles and no breakdown of cell wall was revealed in the latter case (35). Further examination was made to confirm the contribution of filter paperase to cell wall degradation by using potato, rice, sweet potato, carrot, and Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mush-... 

The simplest cyanobacteria are unicellular rods or cocci, which reproduce by binary fission or budding (a few species)., Many cyanobacteria have a filamentous structure. The filament of cells, called trichome, elongates by intercalary division and reproduces by breaJcage. The trichome can be composed only of vegetative cells. Some vegetative cells are converted into non-reproductive cells known as heterocysts with a special physiological function. 

Microscopic Characteristics Conidiophores poorly developed, relatively undifferentiated, irregularly branched, vertically oriented, for the most part resembling and associated with the vegetative mycelium. Clear, unicellular and often ornamented spores (conidia) develop terminally, either in short chains or singularly, and measure 3-5 x 4-7 microns. 

The transition from vegetative cells to spores is an unicellular differentiation process which occurs for many bacterial species under appropriate environmental conditions. The morphological changes which occur during sporulation are divided into six main stages 1. Axial filament formation, 2. Septum formation, 3. Development of... 

The polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most characteristic feature of marine oils. The acids with five and six double bonds originate in unicellular phytoplankton and in seaweeds which form part of the food chain. Linoleic and linolenic acids commonly found in vegetable oils occur to no more than 1 or 2% in fish oils. The major polyenoic acids are usually 20 5 and 22 6 (occasionally 18 4) of the n-3 family. The occurrence of (22 6 n—3) in marine organisms is apparently related to the vertebrate nervous system. This is also true for mammalian brain lipids (Crawford, 1974 Lenarchal, 1978). The eyeball of several fish species is known to contain largely tridocosahexaenoin (Nicol etal., 1972). 

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