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Ytterbium metal has possible use in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. One isotope is reported to have been used as a radiation source substitute for a portable X-ray machine where electricity is unavailable. Few other uses have been found. 

Simplex optimizations have been tried in the past. These do not assume a quadratic surface, but require far more computer time and thus are seldom incorporated in commercial software. Due to the unavailability of this method to most researchers, it will not be discussed further here. 

The water quahty criteria for each species should be deterrnined from the Hterature or through experimentation when Hterature information is unavailable. Synergistic effects that occur among water quahty variables can have an influence on the tolerance a species has under any given set of circumstances. Ammonia is a good example. Ionized ammonia (NH ) is not particularly lethal to aquatic animals, but unionized ammonia (NH ) can be... 

Data unavailable for the former USSR declined since 1985—1981, when it made about 9%. ... 

There are currently two medicinally valuable alkaloids of commercial import obtained from ergot. Commercial production involves generation parasiticaHy on rye in the field or production in culture because a commercially useful synthesis is unavailable. The common technique today (65) is to grow the fungus in submerged culture. Clavicepspaspali (Stevens and Hall) is said to be more productive than C. purpurea (Fries). In this way, ergotamine (100,... 

Phytic acid (9), although restricted to a more narrow range of food products, mainly grains, complexes a broader spectmm of minerals than does oxahc acid. Decreased availabiUty of P is probably the most widely recognized result of excessive iatakes of phytic acid, yet Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn are also complexed and rendered unavailable by this compound (47—49). Phytic acid has also been reported to reduce the activity of a-amylase and to decrease the activity of both proteolytic and Hpolytic enzymes (50). 

Any substance that destroys, inactivates, or in other ways renders unavailable an essential dietary constituent can be termed an antinutrient. The most... 

The Texaco process was first utilized for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from natural gas and oxygen. It was later (1957) appHed to the partial oxidation of heavy fuel oils. This appHcation has had the widest use because it has made possible the production of ammonia and methanol synthesis gases, as well as pure hydrogen, at locations where the lighter hydrocarbons have been unavailable or expensive such as in Maine, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Norway, and Japan. 

If two or three of the principal customers are unavailable to a new suppHer, the problem of selling becomes more acute. In fact, if a significant portion of the so-called merchant market is unavailable to a new producer, entry into the field could be disastrous. Special arrangements can arise because of the proximity of suppHer plant to user plant, taw matetial avadabiHty from one firm to the other, common financial ownership to some degree, toU arrangements, etc. 

Accurate quantitative data unavailable best reported sources Hsted. Serving corresponds to 5 g (1 tsp). 

Soil Nutrient. Molybdenum has been widely used to increase crop productivity in many soils woddwide (see Fertilizers). It is the heaviest element needed for plant productivity and stimulates both nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction (51,52). The effects are particularly significant in leguminous crops, where symbiotic bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation provide the principal nitrogen input to the plant. Molybdenum deficiency is usually more prominent in acidic soils, where Mo(VI) is less soluble and more easily reduced to insoluble, and hence unavailable, forms. Above pH 7, the soluble anionic, and hence available, molybdate ion is the principal species. 

Other Durable Applications. Other durable appHcations such as interlinings and coating/laminating substrates do not appear to offer much near-term opportunity for growth for spunbonded fabrics. In interlinings, however, spunlaced nonwovens have received wide acceptance because of the outstanding drape and softness previously unavailable from any other fabric. 

Longer-chain amines, ie, arachidyl—behenyl (C2Q to C22) amines, are used ia special cases ia which brine temperatures exceed 35°C. At temperatures higher than ambient, normal tallow amine tends to dissolve and therefore is unavailable to coat the surfaces of the potassium chloride crystals. Amine consumption is from 50 g/1 (ca 40 wt % KCl) of high grade ore, to 150 g/1 (ca 20 wt % KCl) of low grade ore. 

Metal Amalgams and Hydrides. Metal hydrides and amalgams are sometimes the preferred method of reducing various functional groups in the laboratory, especially when the necessary equipment for catalytic hydrogenations is unavailable. However, these reagents are usually too expensive to make their use on a large commercial scale feasible. 

Some companies have used the Merseburg process to manufacture ammonium sulfate from gypsum, but the process is only economically attractive where sulfur is unavailable or very expensive (32), and is thus not used in the United States. Ammonium carbonate, formed by the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide in an aqueous medium, reacts with suspended, finely ground gypsum. Insoluble calcium carbonate and an ammonium sulfate solution are formed. 

Raw defatted cottonseed flours contain 1.2—2.0% gossypol [303-45-7] (7) (19). When cottonseed is treated with moist heat, the S-amino group of lysine and gossypol forms a derivative that is biologically unavailable thereby inactivating gossypol but further lowering the effective content of lysine. 

Because routine inhalation of dust of any kind should be avoided, reduction of exposure to poly(vinyl chloride) dust may be accompHshed through the utilization of care when dumping bags, sweeping, mixing, or performing other tasks that can create dust. The use of an approved dust respirator is recommended where adequate ventilation may be unavailable. 

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