Ultrasound imaging technique

A newer application of pure perfluorocarbons with relatively low boiling points is as contrast agents for medical ultrasound examination of the circulatory system [112]. Making the ultrasound imaging technique available for examination of, in particular, the cardiovascular system and other soft tissues is highly important, because ultrasound technology is far more widespread and less expensive than other imaging equipment. 

Thurstone, F. L.. and von Ramm, O. T. (1973), A new ultrasound imaging technique employing two-dimensional electronic beam steering, vol. 5 in Acoustical Holography, Booth Newell (ed.), pp. 249-259, Renum Press, New York. 

Other imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound have opened up avenues of tremendous potential for contrast medium enhancement (123). Ultrasound contrast media developments have centered around encapsulated air micro-bubbles. Magnetic resonance contrast agents iavolve metal—ligand complexes and have evolved from ionic to nonionic species, much as radiopaques have. 

Initial work-up for a woman presenting with a lesion or symptoms suggestive of breast cancer should include a careful history, physical examination of the breast, three-dimensional mammography, and possibly other breast imaging techniques such as ultrasound. Most (80% to 85%) breast cancers can be visualized on a mammogram as a mass, a cluster of calcifications, or a combination of both. Breast biopsy is indicated for... 

Initial workup for a woman presenting with a localized lesion or suggestive symptoms should include a careful history, physical examination of the breast, three-dimensional mammography, and, possibly, other breast imaging techniques such as ultrasound. 

Prompt diagnosis of intra-abdominal infections or of abscess formation elsewhere in the body by liberal use of ultrasound and other imaging techniques should lead to subsequent surgical treatment without delay. Soft tissue infections (superficial and deep) can have a dramatic clinical course. Timely diagnostic imaging and surgical treatment will equally reduce morbidity and mortality. 

Miniaturized Raman probes are potentially powerful tools for in situ diagnoses deep inside the human body, if used inside a catheter or in combination with an endoscope. Since a Raman probe is usually used with other techniques, such as endoscopy and ultrasound imaging, it may be regarded as an assist device. Therefore, Raman probes must be designed to fit the system with which they will be used. 

Ultrasonographic evaluation of focal hepatic lesions comparison of pulse inversion harmonic, tissue harmonic, and conventional imaging techniques. J. Ultrasound Med. 2000 19 293 -299... 

Occlusion of the small hepatic veins is called veno-occlu-sive disease (VOD) (G. Bras et al., 1954 K.L. Stuart et al., 1957). It is identical to the radicular type of the Budd-Chiari syndrome, (s. p. 249) Cytostatics and azathioprine are among the alleged causal agents. (I2l, 130) Diagnosis is based on imaging techniques (ultrasound, CEDS, CT), and sometimes on liver biopsy, (s. fig. 29.10) (see chapter 39)... 

---