Ultrasound analysis

S.E. Barnes, E.C. Brown, M.G. Sibley, H.G.M. Edwards and P.D. Coates, Vibrational spectroscopic and ultrasound analysis for the in-process monitoring of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymer composition during melt extrusion, Analyst, 130, 286-292 (2005). 

Kobayashi Y, Honda Y, Christie LG, et al. Long-term vessel response to a self-expanding coronary stent a serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis from the ASSURE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001 1329-1334. 

Hong MK, Mintz GS, Lee CW, et al, Paclitaxel coating reduces in-stent intimal hyperplasia in human coronary arteries a serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Asian Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Clinical Trial (ASPECT). Circulation 2003 107(4/517-520. 

Okazaki S, Yakoyama T, Miyauchi K, et al. Early statin treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome demonstration of the beneficial effect on atherosclerotic lesions by serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis during half a year after coronary event the ESTABLISH Study, Circulation 2004 I 10 1061-1068. 

T. Tsuji, The influence of biodegradation of the biodegradable stent on vessel in long-term period serial intravascular ultrasound analysis of the Igaki-Tamai biodegradable stent, American heart association abstracts from scientific sessions. Circulation 106 (2002) 356. 

Di Sabatino A, Ciccocioppo R, Armellini E et al (2004) Serum bFGF and VEGF correlate respectively with bowel wall thickness and intramural blood flow in Crohn s disease. Inllamm Bowel Dis 10 573-577 Esteban JM, Maldonado L, Sanchiz V et al (2001) Activity of Crohn s disease assessed by colour Doppler ultrasound analysis of the affected loops. Eur Radiol 11 1423-1428 Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Lantz PE, Listrom MB et al (1989) Gastrointestinal pathology an atlas and text. Raven Press, New York, NY pp 427-484... 

Okabe, T., Asakura, Y., Ishikawa, S., Asakura, K., Mitamura, H., and Ogawa, S., Evaluation of scaffolding effects of five different types of stents by intravascular ultrasound analysis, Am. J. Cardiol., 1999 84(9) 981-986. 

Kim, S.-W., Mintz, G. S., Ohlmann, P., et al. (2006) Frequency and Severity of Plaque Prolapse Within Cypher and Taxus Stents as Determined by Sequential Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis, Am. J. Cardiol., 98, 1206. 

Ako, J., Morino, Y., Honda, Y., et al. (2005) Late Incomplete Stent Apposition After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation A Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Analysis, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 46, 1002-5. 

The pump failure can be associated with wear that can cause unbalancing and consequently mains shaft vibration. The use of accelerometers as vibration transducers allows the use of condition-based monitoring of the pump. Also, ultrasound analysis can be applied for detection of cavitation at the pump. 

Dussaillant, G.R., Small stent size and intimal hyperplasia contribute to restenosis a volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis, /. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 26, 720, 1995. 

Hiller, D., and Ermert, H., System Analysis of Ultrasound Reflection Mode Computerized Tomography, IEEE Trans. Sonic Ultrasonic SU-31, pp 240-250, (1984). 

Ultrasound Sample Prepai ation method was used for the analysis of food products. 

Motion of fluids in which local velocities and pressures fluctuate irregularly, in a random manner. Predictive maintenance technique that uses principles similar to those of vibration analysis to monitor the noise generated by plant machinery or systems to determine their actual operating condition. Ultrasonics is used to monitor the higher frequencies (i.e., ultrasound) that range between 20,000 Hertz and 100 kiloHertz. 

Unlike vibration monitoring, ultrasonics monitors the higher frequencies, i.e. ultrasound, produced by unique dynamics in process systems or machines. The normal monitoring range for vibration analysis is from less than 1 Hertz to 20,000 Hertz. Ultrasonics techniques monitor the frequency range between 20,000 and 100 kHz. 

Ultrasonically assisted extraction is also widely used for the isolation of effective medical components and bioactive principles from plant material [195]. The most common application of low-intensity ultrasound is as an analytical technique for providing information about the physico-chemical properties of foods, such as in the analysis of edible fats and oils (oil composition, oil content, droplet size of emulsions, and solid fat content) [171,218]. Ultrasonic techniques are also used for fluids characterisation [219]. 

DJ McClements. Advances in the application of ultrasound in food analysis and processing. Trends Food Sci Tech 6(9) 293-299, 1995. 

To examine the effect of ultrasound on the decomposition of Zn-dithizone complex, 0.2264 g Zn metal was treated with 10 ml of 5 M NaOH and sonicated for 30 min for maximum dissolution of Zn metal. After treating with ultrasound, 0.5 ml of 1 % dithizone was added to form Zn-dithizone red coloured complex. This red colour Zn-dithizone complex was extracted in chloroform and made upto to the mark in 50 ml volumetric flask with chloroform. 10 ml of this complex was sonicated for different duration of time (10, 20 and 30 min) and UV-vis spectro-photometric analysis was carried out. 

For the last several years, mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) have determined the trends in the analysis of dyes. Since 1987, various variants of ESI have been used in which droplet formation was assisted by compressed air,[1,2] temperature (e.g. Turbo Ion Spray ) or ultrasound, and they were able to handle flow rates up to 1 2 ml min This made a combination of analytical RPLC and ESI easily and widely used. The reason why it often was (and is) used instead of a traditional UV-Vis detector is the better sensitivity and selectivity of MS in comparison with spectrophotometric detection. Apart from these advantages, MS offers easily interpretable structural information. However, various... 

M. Tristam, D. C. Barbosa, D. O. Cosgrove, J. C. Bamber and C. R. Hill, Application of Fourier analysis to clinical study of patterns of tissue movement, Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1988,... 

R. S. Adler, J. M. Rubin, P. H. Bland and P. L. Carson, Quantitative tissue motion analysis of digitized M-mode images gestational differences of fetal lung, Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1990, 16, 561-569. 

Method D The azole (10 mmol), powdered KOH or K2C03 (10-20 mmol) and TBA-Br (0.16 g, 0.5 mmol) are mixed under ultrasound for 15 min. The haloalkane (10-20 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred until TLC analysis indicates completion of the reaction. The mixture is extracted with CH2C12 (2 x 25 ml) and the extracts are evaporated to yield the A-alkylated product, which is purified by chromatography. 

The first area involves low amplitude (higher frequency) sound and is concerned with the physical effect of the medium on the wave and is commonly referred to as low power or high frequency ultrasound . Typically, low amplitude waves are used for analytical purposes to measure the velocity and absorption coefficient of the wave in a medium in the 2 to 10 MHz range. Information from such measurements can used in medical imaging, chemical analysis and the study of relaxation phenomena and this will be dealt with later. 

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