Ultrafiltration trends

Afonso MD, Ferrer J, and Bdrquez R. An economic assessment of proteins recovery from fish meal effluents by ultrafiltration. Trends Food Sci Tech. 2004 15 506-512. 

Bioreactors a) batch stirred tank b) continuous stirred tank c) continuous packed-bed i) downward flow, ii) upward flow and iii) recycle d) continuous fluidised-bed e) continuous ultrafiltration. Redrawn from Katchalski - Katzir E. (1993) Trends in Biotechnology II, 471-477. 

The effect of pH and cation concentration on pectinesterase (PE) activation and permeation on 30 kD MWCO ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was evaluated. In order of increasing effectiveness, PE activity was stimulated by monovalent and divalent cations, poly amines and trivalent cations. A similar trend was observed for permeation on UF membranes. Cation addition and higher pH releases PE from an inactive complex, increases activity, and increases permeation. Higher cation concentration decreases activity and permeation. These results suggest a common mechanism is involved in PE activation and permeation. 

Focusing on the recent advances and updates, this section addresses new development in chemical and pharmaceutical industries and in the conservation of natural resources. Included in this edition are newer practices and technologies and their applications or trends for future applications with relevant references that have appeared in the literature since the first edition was published. Several new chapters on emerging areas such as membrane separation in petrochemical oil refinery, chitosan as new material for membrane preparation, new membrane material for ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF), and potential application of reverse osmosis (RO) in chemical industry have been added in the second edition. 

FIGURE 19.6 Schematic illustration of the use of ultrafiltration for the production of up-standardized or down-standardized skim milk. (From Rattray, W. and Jelen, R, Trends Food Sci. Tech., 7, 227, 1996. With permission.)... 

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