Ultra fine organic polymers

Two examples from the second approach are presented here. Both add covalently bonded polymeric chains to ultra-fine cellulose fiber surfaces. One tethers enzyme from the surface by amphiphilic linear PEG spacers that carry reactive end groups to form covalent bonds with enzyme proteins. The other adds polyelectrolyte PAA grafts that are sufficiently polar to attract enzymes via secondary forces. Both surface polymer chains are compatible with aqueous and organic media. 

Super-paramagnetic composites have been developed by Tamura [22]. The super-paramagnetic composite material consists of ultra-fine particles of ferromagnetic Fe oxide smaller than sizes of single domain structures dispersed as substantially separated in an organic polymer, and prepared by dispersing the... 

Dispersions of finely divided solids in non-aqueous media have been important for paints, inks, reinforced polymers and lubricating oils, but with the development of liquid toner systems and "ultra-structure" processing of ceramics as fine powders dispersed in organic media, the understanding and optimization of such systems is more important than ever. 

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