U.S. Navy

One of the earliest NDT applications for laser-based profilometry systems was for the inspection of marine boiler tubes. Under funding from the U.S. Navy", several systems were developed that were capable of rapidly and accurately mapping the inside surface of 25 mm and 50 mm diameter boiler tubing. Features such as internal pitting and corrosion can be located and quantitatively assessed using computer-graphic analysis. The system employs an... 

K. Adas, A. Method of Computing Web for Gun Propellant Grains from Closed Bomb Burning Rates, memo report 73, Naval Powder Factory, U.S. Navy, Indian Head, Md., 1954. 

Energy Partners, Inc. (West Palm Beach, Florida), acquired fuel ceU technology from TreadweU Corp. (Thomaston, Coimecticut), which suppHed electrochemical equipment to the U.S. Navy. Energy Partners, Inc. are involved in developing PEECs for propulsion appHcations in transportation and submersible vehicles. A 20-kW PEEC stack was designed for demonstration tests. 

The large candles used by the U.S. Navy have been produced ia the United States by three companies. Mine Safety AppHances Company, Puritan-Beimett Corporation, and Scott Aviation. These sell for 50— 60. Production is less than 10,000/yr. Smaller candles incorporated ia breathing apparatus are produced by equipment suppHers. Production quantities are tied to the number of complete units and the candles are a small percentage of the total price. Production for aircraft oxygen supply during a decompression incident is about 50,000 units per year. In the United States, Puritan-Beimett and Scott Aviation are the primary suppHers as is Draeger in Germany. 

Wire and Gable. PVC has been used in wire and cable appHcations since World War II, when the U.S. Navy demanded lower combustibiUty materials in constmction. These products are manufactured by cross-head extmsion, usually from pellet compounds on single-screw extmders. Some line speeds are 1524 m (5000 ft) per minute (60 mph). The compounds are optimized for the requirements, including low temperature flexibiUty, high use temperature, especially low combustibiUty, weatherabiUty, and high resistance to cutthrough. 

In the freeboard areas, commercial ships use organic 2inc-rich primers extensively and usually topcoat them with a two- or three-coat epoxy system. U.S. Navy ships use an organic 2inc-rich primer, two to three coats of an epoxy-polyamide coatings, and a siUcone-alkyd topcoat (16) the entire dry system is 150—225 )J.m thick. 

Water Transport Barges, scows, and special boats have been used in the past to transport sohd wastes to processing locations and to seaside and ocean disposal sites, but ocean disposal is no longer practiced by the United States. Although some self-propelled vessels (such as U.S. Navy garbage scows and other special boats) have been used, most common practice is to use vessels towed by tugs or other special boats. 

In 1939 Einstein wrote to Roosevelt to draw his attention to possible military use of atomic energy. His influence on these later developments was marginal, however. In 1943 he became consultant to the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance but was never involved in atomic bomb work. In 1944 a copy of his 1905 paper on special relativity, handwritten by him for this purpose, was auctioned for six million dollars as a contribution to the war effort. (It is now in the Library of Congress.)... 

Most ships are powered by thermal power plants, including diesel engines, gas turbines, and nuclear systems. Merchant ships usually have diesel engines, while gas turbines or a combination of diesel engines and gas turbines often power naval vessels. Some of the larger ships in the U.S. Navy have nuclear power plants. 

U.S. Navy latinchs the first titiclcar-pow-ered submarine, U.S.S. Nautilus, the first use of nuclear propulsion. It could cruise 62,500 miles before refueling. 

Boats have been designed and built up to at least 37 x 9 m (120 x 30 ft.) in RP. Plastics have become vital for operating within the sea. In 1965 extensive test were conducted by the U.S. Navy Sealab 11 to assay man s ability to live and work in ocean depths for long periods of time (Fig. 2-56). For forty-five days three groups of ten men each lived fifteen-day periods in a 57 ft. x 12 ft. habitat at a depth of 188 m (205 ft.) one half mile off La Jolla, Calif. Plastic parts as well as other materials were used to provide a highly successful experiment. 

The U.S. Navy pioneered in glass-TS polyester RP (hand lay-up) large boat construction with the production of an 8.5 m... 

Anon, U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordnance in World War II , Rept 202-203, US Printing Office, Washington (1953) 12) Anon, Am-... 

Another group of 14 men was exposed primarily by dermal contact to a triaryl phosphate hydraulic fluid during installation and operation of hydraulic aircraft elevators on a U.S. Navy ship (Baldridge et al. 

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