Tyrosol

Olive oil Elenolic acid derivatives bonded to tyrosol are main components (400 ppm provides protection, in low concentration prooxidative) Cooked tuna in brine Less protection of cooked tuna in oil Medina et al., 1999... 

De Stefano, D., Maturi, M.C., Simeon, V. et al. 2007. Lycopene, quercetin and tyrosol prevent macrophage activation induced by gliadin and IFN-gamma. Eur J Pharmacol 566 192-199. 

Virgin olive oil contains considerable amounts of simple phenols that have a great effect on the stability/sensory and nutritional characteristics of the product. Some of the most representative are hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol) and tyrosol (4-hydroxyphenylethanol) however, phenolic compounds are removed when the oil is refined (Tovar and others 2001). The phenolic content of virgin olive oil is influenced by the variety, location, degree of ripeness, and type of oil extraction procedure used, and that is why hydroxytyrosol can be considered as an indicator of maturation for olives (Esti and others 1998). Hydroxytyrosol concentrations are correlated with the stability of the oil, whereas those of tyrosol are not (Visioli and Galli 1998). 

Landete and others (2009) reported that Lactobacillus plantarum have the ability to metabolize phenolic compounds found in olive products (such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, as well as vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, sinapic, syringic, protocatechuic, and cinnamic acids). For example, oleuropein was metabolized mainly to hydroxytyrosol, whereas protocatechuic acid was decarboxylated to catechol by the enzymatic actions. 

Khymenets, O., Joglar, J., Clapes, P., Parella, T., Covas, M.-I. and de la Torre, R., Biocatalyzed synthesis and structural characterization of monoglucuronides of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, homo-vanillic alcohol, and 3-(4 -hydroxyphenyl)propanol. Adv. Synth. Catal., 2006, 348, 2155. 

Fig. 6. Quorum sensing molecules in yeast farnesol, tryptophol and tyrosol.

Chen H, Fujita M, Feng Q, Clardy J, Fink GR, Tyrosol is a quorum-sensing molecule in Candida albicans, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 5048—5052, 2004. 

Phenolics Phleum pratense Epichloe typhina -hydroxybenzoic acid, -hydroxyphenylacetic acid, tyrosol, cis-and tranS p CoumaFic acid 246... 

Phomopsis sp. strain endophytes of the medicinal plant Erythrina crista-galli continue to yield novel compounds (Table 1). New phenyl-propane, pyronol, benzoic acid, phenylpyran, macrocyclic, and alkene compounds were discovered, as well as the known compounds clavatol, 4-hydroxymellein, mellein, mevalonolactone, mevinic acid, nectriapyrone, phomol, scytalone, and tyrosol. The new compounds were phomopy-ronol (101), 3-phenylpropane-l,2-diol (102), 4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy) benzoic acid (103), 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-propylphenol (104), 2-... 

Figure 3.2 Coupled reaction of tyrosinase and laccase in conversion of tyrosol to dimeric products [48].

Figu re 3.3 Conceptual process model for application of a coupled tyrosinase-laccase reaction converting tyrosol. Immobilized enzymes are first characterized with respect to substrate conversion rates, using tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol as substrates for tyrosinase and laccase, respectively. One hundred percent conversion can be achieved in Reactor 1 by use of sufficient tyrosinase... 

Rhodiola elongata (Ledeb.) Fisch. Meyer Hong Gin Tian (root) p-tyrosol, rhodioloside, flavonoids.48 A tonic, improve heart muscle, aphrodisiac. 

For the red wines (82-84), which were injected directly into the HPLC without sample preparation, a ternary-gradient system using aqueous acetic acid (1% and 5% or 6%), and acidified acetonitrile (acetonitrile-acetic acid-water, 30 5 6) was used for cinnamic acid derivatives, catechins, flavonols, flavonol glycosides, and proanthocyanidins. Due to the large number of peaks, the gradient was extended to 150 min for the resolution of many peaks of important phenolics. This direct injection method was able to separate phenolic acids and esters, catechins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, flavonol glycosides, and other compounds (such as tyrosol, and rrans-resveratrol) in wine in a single analysis. However, use of acetic acid did not permit the detector (PDA) to be used to record the UV spectra of phenolics below 240 nm (84). 

Recent investigations have shown that white wine also contains natural phenolic antioxidants with cardioprotective abilities tyrosol 68 and hydroxytyrosol 69 (p-hydroxyphenylethanol) (65CRAS1915). In particular, cardioprotective abilities were reported for myocardial ischemia reperfusion (08JAFC9692), and white wines are rich in active components, such as 68 and 69 (08JAFC6733,09MI573). 

Tyrosol (= 4- Olea europaea (olive) (Oleaceae) [leaf, [AO/FRS, 5-LOX LTB,... 

Deuterium labelling combined with deuterium decoupling is well known as a method in spectral analysis and in stereochemical and conformational studies. The deuterium-decoupled proton spectra of XCHD.CHDY compounds produced during mechanistic studies are useful for determining the stereochemical course of reactions such as the methoxymercuration of ethylene, (478) the conversion of tyramine into tyrosol, (479) the non-catalytic addition of deuterium molecules to cyclopentadiene, (480) and alkyl transfer and olefin elimination in 2-phenyl-l,2-dideuterioethyl transition metal compounds. (481) The proton spectra of [ H ]- and [ Hg]-t-butylcyclohexanes were... 

Another molecule involved in the high-to-low ceU density transition identified in C. albicans is tyrosol (42). As opposed to farnesol, it promotes cell growth and the development of germ tubes at low cell densities. Expression profiling of cultures under conditions of reduced tyrosol concentration showed reduced expression of proteins involved in DNA synthesis and ceU cycle regulation (43). Other putative C. albicans quorum sensing molecules include the substance MARS of unknown identity and, with diminutive effect, farsenoic acid (41). 

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