TYRE BELT

The trade name of a polyester fibre used as textile reinforcement for mbber in products such as tyres, belting and hose. It is a truly synthetic fibre made from polyethylene terephthalate, a condensation product of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. 

Structural properties for flexible composites such as tyres, belts, etc. 

The introduction of rayon, nylon and other manmade fibers with their greater strengths per unit cross sectional area compared with cotton fabric has led to the use of rubber coated fabrics in the manufacture of various engineering products such as tyres, beltings and hoses and also several specialty products for the chemical process industries. The arduous service conditions prevailing... 

Rubber is frequently used as a composite with other solids, for example in tyres, belting and coated fabrics, or may be in contact with other solids during use. The testing of composite materials or products containing rubber is, in general, outside the scope of this book but certain tests which are usually considered to be rubber tests are included here. These are adhesion to metals, adhesion to fabrics, adhesion to cord, corrosion of metals and paint staining. 

Rubber products such as tyres, belts and hose rely on reinforcement by textiles to achieve the required physical properties. To effect reinforcement, textile and rubber must be adequately bonded together, and to promote adhesion, there is a range of treatments to suit most fibre-rubber systems. The adhesion-promoting material (dip) is usually a terpolymer latex of butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine (or a blend of SBR and vinyl pyridine), which bonds well to the fibres, together with a resorcinol formaldehyde precondensate, which, on curing, bonds well to mbber a three-dimensional resin network is formed. 

Adhesives for textile fibre bonding A J G SAGAR Non-woven materials, flocking, tyres, belts and hose... 

The bulk properties of a polymer ean often be altered considerably by the incorporation of additives. Probably the most well-known examples of this occur in rubber technology where variations in the choice of additives can produce such widely differing products as tyres, battery boxes, latex foam upholstery, elastic bands and erasers. It is also possible to achieve variations as extensive as this amongst plastics materials, in particular with PVC from which rigid rainwater piping, baby pants, conveyor belting, footballs and domestic insulating flex may all be prepared. 

In spite of their somewhat high price relative to most conventional rubbers these materials have become widely accepted as engineering rubbers in such applications as seals, belting, water hose and even low-pressure tyres. 

Whilst approximately twice the raw material cost of TPO- and S-B-S-type polymers, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers find applications where abrasion resistance and toughness are particular requirements. Uses include gears, timing and drive belts, footwear (including ski boots) and tyre chains. Polyether-based materials have also achieved a number of significant medical applications. There is also some minor use as hot melt adhesives, particularly for the footwear industry. 

The twisted fibre of polyester, rayon, nylon or steel, which imparts strength to the tyre carcase and belt. See Tyre Cord. 

Any apparatus used for the measurement of power. Various types of dynamometer are used in the testing of pneumatic tyres and belting. 

A plain weave cotton fabric filled with a starchy substance to give it a glossy, non-adherent surface. It was formerly much used to preserve a fresh tacky surface on unvulcanised mbber (tyre, tube and belt repair patches) but has been almost completely superseded by polyethylene film. Holofol... 

An amorphous form of sulphur which is insoluble in rubber. It is used in rubber compounds which have to be stored for some considerable time in the uncured state without loss of tack, e.g., repair materials for tyres and belting. Since this form of sulphur is insoluble in the rubber it cannot bloom to the surface. The use of insoluble sulphur also gives some degree of scorch control since it is inactive until it reverts to the soluble form. Insulation... 

A type of weave in which the weft threads are kept apart, passing through loops formed by double-warp threads. Leno gauze fabrics were used as breakers in early tyres and belting. 

A defect in rubber products where a component has been misaligned in relation to the centre line, e.g., conductor in a cable, breaker strip in a conveyor belt or pneumatic tyre. 

Formerly termed braced tread, rigid breaker or belted tyre. A pneumatic tyre in which the cords of the casing plies run directly across the tyre section from bead to bead, and not at an angle as in a cross-ply tyre the breaker in a radial-ply tyre is an inextensible band which runs circumferentially round the tyre between tread and casing. It is made up of layers of bias cut fabric set at discrete angles to confer the required stability in the tread but maintain the flexibility in the sidewall. 

The process of roughening the surface of vulcanised rubber preparatory to applying a layer of unvulcanised rubber as in tyre re-treading, conveyor-belt repairing, etc. 

The time during which an unvulcanised rubber compound (e.g., tyre, tube and belting repair materials) or a vulcanised rubber product will remain usable when stored under normal atmospheric conditions of temperature and humidity. 

Determination of adhesion between textile and rubber in tyres, hose, belting, etc., by measurement of the force necessary to strip one from the other. 

The uses of NR are myriad and a complete summary is not really possible. Its unique and excellent properties are utilised in tyres, shock mounts, seals, isolators, couplings, bridge bearings, building bearings, footwear, hose, conveyor belts, plant linings and many other moulding applications. 

Until the 1970s in Europe and the 1980s elsewhere tyres were built in cross-ply (diagonal ply) construction, with the reinforcement layer running at a bias to the direction of tyre rotation. Now the vast majority are radial ply with the carcass reinforcement layer placed radially, or at 90° to the direction of rotation. There is always an even number of plies or reinforcement layers - generally car tyres have two and trucks around 6 or 8 plies. In addition, there are tread reinforcing (bracing) layers called belts, which run around the circumference under the tread. 

A typical automobile tyre consists of several parts (Fig. 5). The tread and sidewall make up the outside of the tyre. The tread is the portion of the tyre that comes into contact with the road, whereas the sidewall, or wall, is the side of the tyre that connects the tread and the bead. The tread is reinforced from underneath by the belt, which comprises a set of fabrics and/or wires. The plies, found in association with the belt, are layers of rubber-coated cords, which are typically made of fabric, polymer, fibreglass, or steel. The set of belts and plies is often collectively referred to as the cord, or cord body, of the tyre. The cords of the tyre wrap around the bead, the part of the tyre that rests on the tyre rim. The bead consists of both mbber bead filler and a series of steel bead wires. The last major part of the tyre, the innerliner, is a low-permeability... 

Resorcinol is used primarily in the rubber industry for tyres and reinforced rubber products (conveyer belts, driving belts) and in high-quality wood adhesives, which are made from resorcinol, phenol and fonnaldehyde. It is also used in the preparation of dyes and pharmaceuticals, as a cross-linking agent for neoprene and a rubber tackifier, and in cosmetics (Lewis, 1993 Schmiedel Decker, 1993 Krumenacker et al., 1995). 

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