Rubber technology

Glossary of Terms Relating to Rubber and Rubber Technology, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1972. 

C. S. L. Baker, in Symposium Proceedings Session B Materials and Compounding, Swedish Institution of Rubber Technology Fall Meeting, Boias, Sweden, 1979. 

The bulk properties of a polymer ean often be altered considerably by the incorporation of additives. Probably the most well-known examples of this occur in rubber technology where variations in the choice of additives can produce such widely differing products as tyres, battery boxes, latex foam upholstery, elastic bands and erasers. It is also possible to achieve variations as extensive as this amongst plastics materials, in particular with PVC from which rigid rainwater piping, baby pants, conveyor belting, footballs and domestic insulating flex may all be prepared. 

The latex may then either be concentrated to about 60% DRC, usually by centrifuging or evaporation, or alternately coagulated and dried. The two approaches lead to two quite distinct branches of rubber technology, namely latex technology and dry rubber technology. 

A variety of coagulation methods is available to prepare the rubber for dry rubber technology processes. Since the properties of the rubber are affected by trace ingredients and by the coagulating agents used, rubbers of different properties are obtained by using the different methods. TTie major types of raw rubber are ... 

The poly(vinyl ethers), whieh were first made available in Germany before 1940, are not of importance in the plastics industry but have applications in adhesives, surfaee coatings and rubber technology. Of the many vinyl ether polymers prepared, only those from the vinyl alkyl ethers and some halogenated variants are of interest. Two methods of monomer preparations may be used. 

Hard products may also be made by vulcanising rubber (natural or synthetic) using only about two parts of sulphur per 100 parts of rubber. In these cases either the so-called high-styrene resins or phenolie rubber compounding resins are ineorporated into the formulation. These compounds are processed using the methods of rubber technology but, like those of ebonite, the produets are more akin to plastics than to rubbers. Examples of the usage of these materials are to be found in battery boxes, shoe heels and ear washer brushes. 

BLOW, c. M., and hepburn, c. (Eds.), Rubber Technology and Manufacture (2nd Edition), Butterwonhs, London (1982)... 

The Tilting Pan Filter is predominantly employed in the phosphoric acid industry and, to some extent, in the washing of phosphate rock. There was a traditional rivalry over the years between the Pan and Belt Filter which now, owing to the substantial progress in rubber technology, swings in the favor of the later. The operation of Tilting Pan Filters is based on a series of horizontal independent... 

I. Gobaty and K. Ouchi (eds.). Advances in Chemical Series, 192 ACS Symp. Series Washington, DC (1981). M. Morton, Rubber Technology, 2nd edn.. Van Nost-arnd. New York (1973). 

Anil K. Bhowmick Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India... 

Claude Daneault Pulp and Paper Research Center, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada Chapal K. Das Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India Santanu Datta Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India... 

J.T. Bayers, Rubber Technology, Chapter 3, Part I, Third Edition, Edited by Maurice Morton, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1985. 

Blow, C.M. Rubber Technology and Manufacture, Butterworth London, 1971. 

Roy Choudhury N., Bhowmick A.K., and De S.K., Thermoplastic natural rubber. Natural Rubber Biology, Cultivation and Technology (Sethuraj M.R. and Mathew N.M., eds.), Elsevier, New York, 1992. Elliot D.J., Natural rubber systems. Development of Rubber Technology 3 (Whelan A. and Lee K.S., eds.). Applied Science, New York, 1982. 

Mistrali F. and Proni A., Styrenic block copol3miers. Development in Rubber Technology 3 (Whelan A. and Lee K.S., eds.), AppUed Science, New York, 1982. 

Kumar G., Neelakantan N.R., and Subramanian N., Mechanical behaviour of polyacetal and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer toughened polyacetal, Polym. Plastics TechnoL Eng., 32, 33, 1993. Newmann W. et al.. Preprints, 4th Rubber Technology Conference, London, May 22-25, 1962. Farrissey W.J. and Shah T.M., Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers (Walker B.M. and Rader C.P., eds.). Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1988. 

FIGURE 12.18 Stress-strain curves of rubber-fiber composites developed for solid rocket motor insulator A, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber-carbon fiber composites B, EPDM mbber-melamine fiber composites C, EPDM mbber-aramid fiber composites and D, EPDM rubber-aramid pulp composites. 1 and 2 stands for unaged and aged composites respectively. Carbon fiber- and melamine fiber-reinforced composites contain resorcinol, hexamine, and silica in the concentrations 10, 6 and 15, respectively and aramid fiber- and aramid pulp-based composites contain resorcinol, hexamine, and silica in the concentrations 5, 3 and 15, respectively. (From Rajeev, R.S., Bhowmick, A.K., De, S.K., and John, B., Internal communication. Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 2002.)... 

Rajeev, R.S., Bhowmick, A.K., De, S.K., and John, B., Internal communication. Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 2002. 

Hofmann, W., Rubber Technology Handbook, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1989, 162. 

Source To, B.H., in Rubber Technology, Hanser Verlag, Munich, Germany, 2001. 

FIGURE 14.5 Comparison of accelerator classes in natural rubber (NR). (From B.H. To, Rubber Technology, Hanser Verlag, Munich, Germany, 2001.)... 

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