Type B sleeves

Type A sleeves simply encircle the pipeline and provide structural reinforcement of the defective area. To do this, they do not require sleeve-end fillet welds. Type B sleeves also encircle the pipeline and provide structural reinforcement, but since the ends are fillet welded to the pipeline, they can also contain pressure in the event that the defect is leaking or will eventually leak in subsequent service. The results of work at BatteUe showed that steel sleeve repairs are capable of restoring the strength of a damaged pipeline to a pressure level in excess of a pressure that corresponds to 100% of the specified minimum yield strength of the line pipe steel. The results of this work led to the widespread use of fuU-encirclement steel sleeves for pipeline... 

Composite repairs are often compared to Type B steel sleeves. As wUl be shown in this section, the applicability of composite repairs is most similar to that of Type A sleeves, whereas Type B sleeves have additional applicabUity over both composite repairs and Type A sleeves. 

Type of defect Type A sleeves Composite repairs Type B sleeves... 

Table 4.1 also indicates that Type B sleeves can be used to repair a wide variety of defects for which composite repairs cannot. For example, a leak imposes significant limitations on the choice of repair method. In general, only a Type B sleeve is appropriate. ... 

Rows 2a, 2b, and 2c of Table 4.1 highlight methods applicable for the repair of external corrosion including the consideration of maximum pit depth. All three repair methods listed in Table 4.1 are acceptable for relatively shallow to moderately deep external corrosion (less than 80% deep). Very deep external corrosion (80% deep or greater) should be repaired only using methods that are appropriate for leaks (i.e.. Type B sleeves). 

In the previous section, it was shown that the applicability of Type A sleeves and composite repairs is similar and that Type B sleeves can be used where Type A sleeves and composite repairs cannot. 

While Type B sleeves have to be fillet welded to the pipeline (Figure 4.11), they can be used where composite repairs cannot, such as for repair of defects that are 80% deep or greater, circumferentially oriented defects, leaking defects or for defects that will eventually leak (e.g., internal corrosion), and cracks. The raw materials required to make Type B sleeves are significantly less expensive than composite materials, and the stiffness and long-term performance of Type B sleeves are equivalent to that of line pipe steel. 

The installation of Type B sleeves does involve the need to weld to an in-service pipeline. Adherence to the simple guidance summarized here will minimize the potential concerns associated with welding to an in-service pipeline. 

The use of full-encirclement steel sleeves for pipehne repair was developed during work led by Kiefner at BatteUe Laboratories in the early 1970s (Kiefner and Duffy, 1974 Kiefner et al., 1978). There are two basic types of fuU-encirclement steel sleeves Type A and Type B (Figures 4.1—4.3). 

Figure 4.2 Type B full-encirclement repair sleeve structural reinforcement and pressure containment.

One of the claimed advantages of composite repairs over steel sleeves is that their installation requires no welding to an in-service pipeline. It is clear from the previous discussion that the installation of Type A sleeves, which can serve the same purpose as composite repairs, also requires no welding to an in-service pipeline. Welds that do not contact the carrier pipe are not considered to be in-service welds according to Appendix B of API 1104 (API Standard 1104, 2005), even though longitudinal seam welds are made while the pipehne is in service. 

Figure 4.11 Installation of Type B fiiU-endrclement repair sleeve.

Fig. 23(C) shows a reflux assembly with a stirrer fitted. The stirrer A is both held in position in the tube B and allowed to rotate freely by the lubricated rubber sleeve C, as described on p. 39, and is connected to a vertical motor above. The extent to which the stirrer dips into the liquid in the flask can readily be adjusted. The condenser (not shown) is fitted into D. This constitutes for many purposes the best type of stirrer. If desired, the rubber sleeve C can be replaced by a metal fitting E for a horizontal drive. The gas-inlet F is closed when not in use.

Fig. 12. Typical connectors for power distribution cable, (a) Aluminum sleeve barrel for uninsulated cable, (b) Clamp-type terminal connector for insulated...

Rotating labyrinth, after operation. Radial and axial movement of rotor cuts grooves in sleeve material to simulate staggered type shown in b. 

Figure 4-182. Sleeve-type stabilizers. (A) Rotating sleave-type stabilizer (Servco). (B) Grant cushion stabilizers (nonrotating sleave-type stabilizer). (Courtesy Smith International and Masco Tech Inc.)...

B. Septa and Other Closures. Rubber septa may be attached in a variety of ways, as illustrated in Fig. 1.6. The flat variety is held in place by screw caps, crimped caps, or beveled holders. Various manufacturers provide apparatus with these types of septum closures.4 Of greater versatility are the sleeve septum stoppers (Fig. 1.7), which can be attached to straight tubes or standard taper joints without any special fixtures.5... 

Figure 10-11 Schematic picture of the micro-distillation of epichlorohydrin from the dioxane extract of the polymer in vial A into cooled vial B (1) Vial A (2) Vial B (3) PTFE lined septum (4) Sleeve of PTFE tube for isolation (5) Stainless steel tubing, ends are injection needle type sharpened. Int. diameter 1 mm, lenght approx. 20 cm (6) Injection needle for venting (7) 3 ml mark.

FIG. 21-40 Typical packages used for chemical products, a) Sewn valve bag. (b) Sewn open-mouth bag pinch-bottom-type open-mouth bag. (c) Pasted valve bag. (d) Pasted valve tuck-in-sleeve bag. (e) Principal (inside) dimensions of a regular slotted carton (RSC). (/) Bulk box of corrugated fiberboard for product weighing 450... 

FIG. 7.4. Seals made with tungsten wire and borosilicate glass, (a) A prepared wire with sleeves and button, (b) Building up the button witli tliin rod. (c) and (d) show two electrodes with this type of seal. 

The pyrex chlorination apparatus (Fig. 3) consists of a reaction tube A, which may be inserted into a 25-cm. sleeve-type electric furnace, and a collecting tube B, which... 

Figure 2.1 Two types of connections to the outside world that were implemented on our devices. (A) A butt-end connection was established at the end of a channel at the edge of the device. A transfer capillary was aligned (x, y, z) using a sleeve in a sleeve approach. (B) A connection through the top of the device to the main channel was established using a sleeve in a sleeve approach. In this design, the alignment was preset on the plan of the device (x, y) while the alignment on the z axis (perpendicular to the device) was easily performed by hand. The inset shows the cross-section of the capillary with the main channel viewed from the bottom.

Figure 5.16 Examples of common types of ice cream packaging (a) flow wrap, (b) a cone sleeve and a tube, (c) tubs and (d) a dessert container...

Rgure 2.3. Schematic cross-section representation of the construction of some typical commercial calomel electrodes A) fiber or porous-ceramic Junction type and (B) ground glass-sleeve type. The electrolyte leak rate of the fiber or porous-ceramic junction type is quite low, typically 1-10 fJ/Ar that for the sleeve type around 100 ft//Ar. 

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