Gas chromatography two-dimensional

W. Beitsch, Two-dimensional gas chromatography concept, instmmentation and appli-cations-Pait 1 fundamentals., conventional two-dimensional gas chromatography, selected applications , ]. High. Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 647 (1999). 

It is through observing examples of actual applications that the best understanding of GC-GC separation principles can be achieved. Over the past 30 years, there have been essentially three main areas where two-dimensional gas chromatography has been applied ... 

G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 195-200 (1999). 

G. Schomburg, Two-dimensional gas chromatography principles, insti umentation, methods , J. Chromatogr. 703 309-325 (1995). 

J. B. Phillips and J. Beens, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography a hyphenated method with strong coupling between the two dimensions , J. Chromatogr. 856 331-347 (1999). 

Although comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography has not been applied to any great extent in forensic analysis, the technique shows great promise when samples or sample matrices are complex. For example, when oil is spilled into waterways, assigning responsibility for the economic and environmental damage is often difficult. Gaines et al. employed comprehensive two-dimensional GC in the forensic analysis of samples collected at oil-spill sites and were able to obtain results which were comparable to those obtained by classical methods (39). This article also... 

Figure 15.13 Comprehensive two-dimensional GC chromatogram of a supercritical fluid exti act of spiked human semm. Peak identification is as follows 1, dicamha 2, tiifluralin 3, dicliloran 4, phorate 5, pentachlorophenol 6, atrazine 7, fonofos 8, diazinon 9, cWorothalonil 10, terhufos 11, alachlor 12, matalaxyl 13, malathion 14, metalochlor 15, DCPA 16, captan 17, folpet 18, heptadecanoic acid. Adapted imm Analytical Chemistry, 66, Z. Liu et al., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the fast separation and determination of pesticides exuacted from human senim , pp. 3086-3092, copyright 1994, with pemiission from the American Chemical Society.

With recent instrumental development, such as fast LC, fast GC and two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) and advanced tandem hybrid MS detection systems (i.e., QqTOF, QqLIT, Orbitrap) the analysis of complex mixtures... 

Sinha, A.E., Hope, J.L., Prazen, B.J., Fraga, C.G., Nilsson, E.J., Synovec, R.E. (2004a). Multivariate selectivity as a metric for evaluating comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-fhght mass spectrometry subjected to chemometric peak deconvolution. J. Chromatogr. A 1056, 145-154. 

Davis, J.M. (2004). Assessment by Monte Carlo simulation of thermodynamic correlation of retention times in dual-column temperature programmed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J. Sep. Sci. 27, 417. 

Venkatramani, C.J., Xu, J., Phillips, J.B. (1996). Separation orthogonality in temperature-programmed comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Anal. Chem. 68, 1486. 

Bordajandi, L.R., Korytar, P., De Boer, J., Gonzalez, M.J. (2005). Enantiomeric separation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls on P-cyclodextrin capillary columns by means of heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography applications to food samples. J. Sep. Sci. 28, 163-171. 

Figure 3 Examination of the acetone extract from an EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber using two-dimensional gas chromatography. (See Color Plate Section at the end of this book.)... 

In order to manipulate the selectivity of the FT synthesis, there needs to be an understanding of the parameters that control the selectivity. Within Sasol there are many activities to ensure more accurate measurements, e.g., developments in the two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) technique. This discussion will give a flavor of what Sasol is doing regarding the understanding of Fe-LTFT selectivity. 

Focant JF, Reiner E, MacPerson K, Kolic T, Sjodin A, Patterson DG, Reese SL, Dorman FL, Cochran J Measurement of PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-PCBs by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x CG-IDTOFMS). Talanta 63,1231-1240, 2004. 

---