Tumor nontumorous tissues

Results The mean CT values in the tumor were 332HU/pixel on day 0 and 291 on day 7 (see Figure 10.7). There was no significant difference. The mean CT values in the juxta-tumor nontumorous tissue decreased significantly from 166 to 60. The mean CT values in the nontumorous tissue 10 mm distant from the tumor decreased significantly from 142 to 62. The mean CT values in the control, noninjection part of the liver, were 65 on day 0 and 61 on day 7. 

Figure 10.7 Mean CT attenuation values (Hounsfield unit, HU/pixel) immediately and 7 days after injection with W/OAV emulsion. The values were calculated by using numeric data of randomly selected 250 pixels in a main tumor, juxta-tumor nontumorous tissue within an area up to 10mm from the edge of the tumor, and nontumorous tissue 10 mm distant from the tumor.

Several studies have compared the expression level of CYPs in tumor versus nontumor tissues in the lung [e.g., (44)]. These data may provide useful information for cancer chemotherapy, but may not indicate a role of these CYPs in the initiation of tumorigenesis. The CYP expression levels may change at different stages of tumor development. 

Several methods are available to monitor transcription levels of tens of thousands of genes rapidly and simultaneously. The quantification of RNA species by sequence-specific annealing (hybridization) to complementary DNA probes arrayed on a substrate (microarray) was developed by Schena etal. (1995). Sample RNA was submitted to reverse transcription and fluorescent labeling. Thereby, a quantitative parameter was produced that could be measured as a localized signal after hybridization to the arrayed sensors. Comparison by competitive hybridization of two RNA samples labeled with two different dyes (Cy3 and Cy5) resulted in expression ratios of the two sources (e.g., of tumor and nontumor tissue). Whereas sensors were originally taken from libraries of DNA clones (cDNA), present-day microar-... 

Long-term accumulation of the IPSO microdroplets in nontumorous tissue is hazard to patients because the microdroplets firmly enclose the anticancer drug. We quantitatively analyzed IPSO accumulation in the tumors and nontumorous tissue by assessing CT values immediately after and 7 days after TACE with the W/O/W emulsion (see Figure 10.6). 

According to the study, the 70 gmm sized IPSO microdroplets disappeared from the nontumorous tissue within a week after the injection. However, the IPSO remained in the tumor as a thick accumulation. 

The IPSO microdroplets injected into the hepatic artery inevitably flow into the peripheral branch of the artery, which runs through bile duct wall as a network called peribiliary plexus and finally connects to the portal vein or sinusoid (Kan, 1989) (see Figure 10.11). In the case of the liver bearing HCC, the tumor tissue is supplied with blood only by the hepatic artery, and not by the portal vein. Therefore immediately after the TACE with the W/OAV emulsion, the IPSO microdroplets accumulate in the hepatic artery along bile duct wall in nontumorous tissue and in tumor vessels in HCC tissue. 

Afterward, the microdroplets in nontumorous tissue flow via the sinusoid into the hepatic vein or Disse s space, which lies outside of sinusoidal space. The microdroplets entering Disse s space inevitably flow into the bile canalic-uli or lymphatic channels, finally out of the liver. In the HCC tissue the microdroplets remain there for a long time, probably because tumorous tissue is not equipped with a biliary or lymphatic drainage system. 

Provide data in nontumor as well as tumor tissues (containing aberrant receptors)... 

G. J. (2005) Discrimination between nontumor bladder tissue and tumor by Raman spectroscopy. Anal. Chem., 78, 7751-9. 

Recent studies have employed LC/ESI/MS-MS methods to quantitate dG-C8-ABP in human tissues. dG-C8-ABP was detected in urinary bladder epithelium in 12 out of 27 subjects in the DNA extracted from tumor tissue or nontumor surrounding tissue. The levels of adducts ranged from five to 80 adducts/109 bases, but a correlation was not observed between tobacco smoking and adduct levels... 

Similarly, Survivin levels were increased in 34 (out of 34) tumor samples (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) when compared with nontumor controls. Survivin expression is frequently observed in tumors from breast cancer patients. One study reported that 71% of breast carcinomas (stages I to IH) were positive for Survivin whereas no expression of Survivin was detected in adjacent normal tissues. In colorectal cancers the expression of Survivin is inversely correlated with the apoptotic index of transformed cells and is significantly related to an increased disease-free survival rate and to a reduced risk for distant metastases. 

Caturelli E et al. (2000) Transcatheter arterial chemoemboliza-tion for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis evaluation of damage to nontumorous liver tissue-longterm prospective study. Radiology 215 123-128 Cauldwell EW et al. (1948) The bronchial arteries. An anatomic study of 150 human cadavers. Surg Gynecol Obstet 86 395 Charnsangavej C (1993) Chemoembolization of liver tumors. 

---