Tritons interaction with cells

The widely accepted opinion, which supposes that not only an adsorption at the quartz particle but also an interaction with the cell membrane occurs, may have been the reason for Fermtti and co-workers (29) to study the effect of such polymeric N-oxides on the cancer metastasis. Previously it has been shown by Franchi and coworkers (30), that polymeric detergents of the Triton type [5] show strong metastases stunting activity. 

Many characterized INM proteins have been shown to interact with lamins (Ye et al. 1998). For the subset of putative NETs that share this characteristic, a more definite result can be achieved. As previously discussed, the lamin polymer is insoluble to extraction with detergent and salt therefore retention of NETs in cells extracted with detergent (e.g. 0.5% Triton X-100) prior to fixation for microscopy confirms their direct, or indirect, association with the lamin polymer and NE localization. However, loss of the protein to a pre-extraction with detergent would occur for proteins not tethered to the lamin polymer whether they are normally localized to the INM, ONM, or ER. All eight of the putative NETs originally tested targeted to the NE, but only five remained at the NE after the detergent pre-extraction (Schirmer et al. 2003). 

Recent experiments on the physicochemical properties of the GABA receptor have revealed that there is present on the nerve cell membrane a triton-sensitive substance which interferes with the attachment of GABA to its receptor recognition site. Careful biochemical studies have suggested that this triton-sensitive substance modifies the affinity of the GABA receptor site in a non-competitive manner, suggesting that this substance, or modulator, interacts with a membrane component to produce an allosteric change... 

Buffers containing SDS for cell lysis (Protocols lA and IB) are incompatible with some subsequent methods of analysis, for example non-denaturing PAGE (Protocol 12) or immunopredpitation under non-disruptive conditions (Protocol 14B). In order to study physiological interactions, it is necessary to perform cell lysis in buffers containing no detergents or mild non-ionic detergents, such as Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40. 

Cells can also be disrupted chemically by detergents, osmotic shocks, organic solvents, and alkali treatments (Prasad, 2010). Detergents are molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties that allow them to interact both with water and lipids. The hydrophobic fnnction is nsnally ionic, whereas the hydrophobic aspect is normally a hydrocarbon (Joesten et al., 2006 Marriott and Gravani, 2006 Tadros, 2005). They disrupt cell membranes by penetrating between the layers and forming micelles that separate lipids and proteins. Many detergents are available for cell membrane solubilization such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and triton X. However, many of them, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, break protein-protein interaction and denature the enzyme. 

Cellular interactions on the developed nanoparticles-enriched coatings were also examined by inverted fluorescence microscopy. After 24 and 72 hours of incubation, the replicate surfaces were harvested and washed thrice with PBS. The cells that attached to the surfaces were fixed with paraformaldehyde (4%) for 10 minutes and permeabilized with Triton X-100 (0.1%) for 5 minutes. The actin filaments of the cytoskeleton were labeled with rhodamine phalloidin for 2 hours at room temperature. The surfaces were then mounted using Vectashield with DAPI and examined by an inverted fluorescence microscope with a magnification of 20X. 

---