Surface replication

Electron photomicrographs and surface replicate photographs were skillfully obtained by M. E. Testa of our microscopy department. His assistance and interpretations are gratefully acknowledged, as well as the permission of The Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. to publish these findings. 

There are a number of indicators of fatigue damage that have attracted interest in the literature. During the life of a component subjected to fatigue, the material can exhibit changes in modulus, permanent offset strain, shape of the hysteresis loops, and temperature rise of the specimen surface. Direct evidence of matrix crack density can be obtained by surface replication, while a more detailed analysis of microstructural damage requires scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 

Fung, P.C., and G.G. Sanipelli. 1982. Surface studies of feldspar dissolution using surface replication combined with electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46 503-512. 

Keywords Interference hthography. Microstructures, surfaces. Replication, Solar applications... 

NANO-SCALE SURFACE REPLICATION BY POLYMER LAYERS SPM AND X-RAY INVESTIGATIONS... 

We report results of nano-scale surface replication by thin polymer layers. The surfaces of deeply polished Si plates were used as etalon surfaces for the replication. AFM investigations showed that polymer layers replicate the surface of etalon samples fairly well. The X-ray reflectivity measurements showed that the half-width and peak values of the spectral dependences for X-ray mirrors grown on combined glass-polymer substrates practically coincided with those for mirrors on Si etalon substrates. 

Polymer materials find a wide application in replication technologies for producing structures with submicron elements of intricate shapes and for nano-scale surface replication [1-4]. They show considerable promise for smoothing out the surface roughness to obtain good-quality inexpensive substrates used in fabrication of X-ray optic components [5,6], In this work, the features of silicon wafer surface replication by polymers were studied by atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) with a view to applying this replication technique to produce smooth polymer-glass combination substrates to be used in multilayer X-ray mirrors. 

Figure 13.7 Polyethersulfone ig Bed in automotive reflector applications because of its high-temperature capability and excellent high-gloss mold surface replication.

Sectioning is one of the most widely used methods in the preparation of polymers for electron microscopy. Microtomy permits the observation of the actual structure in a bulk material which is not possible by methods such as thin film casting or surface replication. Polymers (in common with biological tissues) require care in handling, embedding in resins for support and addition of stains to enhance contrast in the TEM. 

G.V. Rao, Development of surface replication technology for the field assessment of alloy 600 microstructures for primary loop penetrations, Westinghouse report, WCAP-13746, June 1993. 

Gold - electrical conductor, anticorrosion surface, surface replication, bondable surface, infrared (IR) reflectance... 

A printing plate cylinder (steel). A photopolymer printing plate is attached to the plate cylinder. The printing plate s raised surface replicating the image contacts the substrate to transfer ink... 

SURFACE REPLICATION PROPERTY AND HIGHER-ORDER STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF MOLDED PARTS WITH ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATTERNS... 

Key words, micromolding, nanomolding, surface replication, skin-shear-core structure, surface thermal stability... 

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