1.3.5- Trinitrobenzene reactions with alkalis

In a similar manner, of the isomeric trinitrobenzenes, only the symmetrical 1,3,5-isomer shows sufficient chemical stability for use as an explosive. Even so, the aromatic ring of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is highly electron deficient and reaction with alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates in aqueous boiling methanol yields 3,5-dinitroanisole. Unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrobenzene are much more reactive than the 1,3,5-isomer, with only relatively mild conditions needed to effect the displacement of their nitro groups. ... 

Grndtsyn, Yn. D. Gitis, S. S. Mechanism of hydrogenation of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and 1,3-dinitro-henzene derivatives in reactions with alkali metal tetrahydroborates. Russ. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 37, 750-751. 

Trinitrobenzene will also form adducts with carbanions generated from ketones. Thus Kimura (1953) reported that reaction with acetone or acetophenone in the presence of alkali gave dark crystalline needles and suggested structure 20. Evidence for this structure was provided... 

Reaction specific to sym-trinitrobenzene. Sym-trinitrobenzene in acetone solution rapidly produces a red colour with alkali hydroxides or ammonia. In the absence of the solvent the colour develops slowly. 

ESTANO (Spanish) (7440-31-5) Finely divided material is combustible and forms explosive mixture with air. Contact with moisture in air forms tin dioxide. Violent reaction with strong acids, strong oxidizers, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, bis-o-azido benzoyl peroxide, bromates, bromine, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, bromine azide, cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine, chlorine monofluoride, chlorine nitrate, chlorine pentafluoride, chlorites, copper(II) nitrate, fluorine, hydriodic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, ni-trosyl fluoride, oxygen difluoride, perchlorates, perchloroethylene, potassium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur, sulfur dichloride. Reacts with alkalis, forming flammable hydrogen gas. Incompatible with arsenic compounds, azochloramide, benzene diazonium-4-sulfonate, benzyl chloride, chloric acid, cobalt chloride, copper oxide, 3,3 -dichloro-4,4 -diamin-odiphenylmethane, hexafluorobenzene, hydrazinium nitrate, glicidol, iodine heptafluoride, iodine monochloride, iodine pentafluoride, lead monoxide, mercuric oxide, nitryl fluoride, peroxyformic acid, phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, tellurium, turpentine, sodium acetylide, sodium peroxide, titanium dioxide. Contact with acetaldehyde may cause polymerization. May form explosive compounds with hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, picric acid, potassium iodate, potassium peroxide, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol. 

Trinitrobenzene gives red colors with ammonia and with aqueous alkalies. On standing in the cold with methyl alcoholic sodium methylate, it yields 3,5-dinitroanisol by a metathetical reaction.9... 

It seems possible that the products of the reaction of sym-trinitrobenzene with NaOH or alkali ethoxides are not individuals but mixtures of several compounds. For example, Busch and Kogel [41] found that sym-trinitrobenzene was able to add on not only one, but also two or three molecules of an ethoxide. 

In the foregoing examples the spectral data indicated a Lewis acid-base reaction on the surface where the alkali and alkaline earth cations acted as the electron acceptors while the adsorbates were the electron donors. It is quite natural that the reverse situation might be possible that is, the adsorbent be basic while the adsorbate show acidic properties so that in the chemisorption electron transfer will occur in the reverse direction. Several examples of such adsorption have already been discussed in this chapter. Kortiim (22) found another example in the adsorption of symmetrical trinitrobenzene on magnesia and on alumina. Whereas trinitrobenzene adsorbed on calcium fluoride or silica was colorless, on magnesia it was red with an absorption maximum at 4650 A (Fig. 26) and the spectrum of the adsorbed species was very... 

Alkali-extracted proteins from simflower oil cake (89% proteins, Nx6.25) and wheat gluten (76.5% proteins, Nx5.7) were reacted with n-octanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration were varied according to an experimental design to maximize the esterification yield. The latter was determined by alkaline hydrolysis and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography. The hydrolysis of the peptide chain was traced by the determination of the amount of free amino groups in esterified proteins using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) assays. The solubility curves of modified proteins in water as a function of pH were obtained by Kjeldahl analysis to determine the composition of the soluble and insoluble parts. 

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