Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

Grisham, M.B., Volkemer, C., Tso, P. and Yamada, T. (1991). Metabolism of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid by the rat colon produces reactive oxygen species. Gastroenterology 101, 540-547. 

Habeeb, A.F.S.A. (1966) Determination of free amino groups in protein by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Anal. Biochem. 14, 328. 

Sashidhar, R.B., Capoor, A.K., and Ramana, P. (1994) Quantitation of e-amino group using amino acids as reference standards by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid./. Immunol. Meth. 167, 121-127. 

Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) —0.6 to —0.8 (calomel) glassy carbon 119... 

Stenson WF Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase augments trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 2003 125 1762-1773. 

Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) is known to react with protein lysine residues, forming colored trinitrophenylated (TNP) derivatives with absorption maxima at 345 mp, (46). When E. coli pyrophosphatase was incubated with a 400-fold molar excess of the reagent, there was progressive decay of enzymic activity accompanied by increasing absorbance of the solution at 345 mp. (Fig. 5). Half the enzymic activity had disappeared by the time 16% of the protein lysines had been modified eventually (6 hr) all 98 enzyme lysines reacted (Table III and Fig. 5). Isolation and hydrolysis of the product showed total conversion of all lysine to e-TNP-lysine without formation of any other... 

A succinylated casein derivative that has nearly all its amines blocked can be used as a substrate in protease assays (Hatakeyama etal., 1992). As the casein is degraded by a protease, free amines are created from a-chain cleavage and release of a-amino groups. The creation of amines can be monitored by an amine detection reagent such as trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS Section 4.3). The procedure forms the basis for a highly sensitive assay for protease activity. 

Blocking of amine groups on proteins also has been used to create a sensitive reagent for measuring protease activity (Hatakeyama etal., 1992). With nearly all the primary amines of casein blocked, an amine detection reagent such as trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) will only minimally react with the protein and form its typical orange derivative. As proteases cleave the protein, however, primary a-amines are created from cleavage of the a-chain peptide bonds, and TNBS can react with them. The more protease activity present, the more color is formed. 

Barlow, I. E., Lloyd, G. T., and Ramshaw, E. H. (1986). The measurement of proteolysis in Cheddar cheese A comparison of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid procedures. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 41,79-81. 

Clegg, K. M., Lee, Y. K., and McGilligan, J. F. (1982). Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ninhydrin reagents for the assessment of protein degradation in cheese samples. /. Food Technol. 17, 517-520. 

Kuchroo, C. N., Rahilly, J., and Fox, P. F. (1983). Assessment of proteolysis in cheese by reaction with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Irish ]. Food Sci. Technol. 7,129-133. 

Franco et al. [45] described an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the R-( ) and (S)-(+)-enantiomers of vigabatrin in human serum after precolumn derivatization with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBSA) and detection at 340 nm. Separation was achieved on a reversed phase chiral column (Chiralcel-ODR, 25 cm x 4.6 mm) using 0.05 M potassium hexafluorophosphate (pH4.5) acetonitrile ethanol (50 40 10) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The calibration graphs for each enantiomer were linear over the concentration range of 0.5-40 fig/ml with a limit of quantification of 0.5 fig/ml. No interferences were found from commonly coadministered antiepileptic drugs. 

Snyder, S. L. and Sobocinski, P. Z. (1975) An improved 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid method for the determination of amines. Anal. Biochem. 64,284-288. 

Fig. 10.1 Rat colon tissue (A) or liver tissue (B) oligonucleotide concentrations as a percentage of administered radioactive dose for normal rats (filled symbols) or treated with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (open symbols) as a model for colitis. Solid lines represent intravenous route broken lines designate rectal dosing (both 100 mg/kg ISIS 2302 with nonexchangeable 3H label).

Bulk TLC derivatize with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid Dissolve in H 0 cm, 5 m, 30°C, 0.8 ml/min Silica gel H buffer-KH P04, 2.7 g/1, pH 6.5 CHCl3-MeOH-NH4OH- Ninhydrin sulfate salt and for injection CP, p. 418, identity for [1138]... 

When supramolecular polymers are treated with bulky stopper groups, they may form poly[2]rotaxane daisy chains [32,60-68]. Cyclic tri[2]rotaxanes (daisy chain necklace) containing cyclodextrins have been prepared from the mixture of 6-(4-aminocinnamoyl)-Q -CD and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt [50,59] in an agueous solution (Fig. 21). If the molecule changes its conformation (or co-conformation), the ring may expand or shrink by external conditions (temperature, solvents, photochemically, elec-trochemically). These compounds are important because the cycle can be used as a chemical valve as seen in ion channels in biological membranes. 

Arita M, Yoshida M, Hong S, Tjonahen E, GUckman JN, Peta-sis NA, Blumberg RS, Serhan CN. Resolvin El, an endogenous Upid mediator derived from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, protects against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 2005 102 7671-676. 

N5. Nitecki, D. E., Stoltenberg, I. M., and Goodman, J. W., Qualitative and quantitative determination of mixtures of amino acids using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid. Anal. Biochem. 19, 344-350 (1967). 

All salts and buffer components, as well as poly-D,L-lysine (PL), CBZ-protected PL, diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and its anhydrides, water-soluble carbodiimide (l-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide, EDC), (SPDP), SMCC, dithiothreithol, succinic anhydride, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, triethylamine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and IV-hydroxy sulfo-succinimide (HSSI) are available from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 

The completion of the substitution is followed by reaction of an aliquot of the polymer with trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (59). No color reaction was achieved with completely succinylated PL. The modified polylysine is then concentrated by lyophilization. 

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