Fluorenone, 2,4,7-trinitro

Trinitro-9-fluorenone [129-79-3] M 315.2, m 176 . Crystd from nitric acid/water (3 1), washed with water and dried under vacuum over P2O5, or recrystd from dry benzene. 

Trinitro-9-fluorenone Xylene (xylol or dimethyl benzene)... 

Phthalate esters C(H (COOR)2 are well-characterised, aoderately polar liquid phases [8]. As might be expected, the polarity of the phases declines as the alkyl (R) group increases in size, while their volatility decreases. Hi volatility compared to other available liquid phases has reduced their importance in recent years. Tetraunsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons (electron-donor solutes) Iqf... 

A different mechanism is that of charge transfer, of which there are many examples based, in particular, on metallomesogens [14]. In these cases, mesophases can be induced by adding the electron-poor TNF (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone) and Fig. 9 shows Pd mesogen 4, which shows a particular type of SmA phase when TNF is added [15]. 

Materials that exhibit photoconductivity and/or electrooptical response can be found in large numbers among molecular glasses (Fig. 3.40). Dihydropyridines with Tg 25 C and low tendency of crystallization have been used (e.g., 2BNCM, 73), adding only a small fraction of a binding polymer (<10%), and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) as a sensitizer [310]. A common strategy is... 

Figure 2.67a R = R = Me) displays solvoluminescence. These compounds also react with acceptor molecules or metal ions M+ (M+ = Ag+, Tl+). Structures of [Au3(MeOC NMe)3] with the acceptors 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and 2,3,4,7-tetranitro-9-fluor-enone consist of columns of planar molecules showing the pattern... 

Finally, secondary Au- -C bonds have been found in some adducts of the triangular gold(I) complex [Au3(MeN=COMe)3], where they function as electron donors, with nitro-9-fluorenones as acceptors. The solid-state structures of [Au3(MeN=COMe)3]-[2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone] and [Au3(MeN=COMe)3]-[2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone] [50] consist of one-dimensional arrays in which the planar gold(I) trimers and the nearly planar organic molecules are interleaved with the gold trimers, making face-to-face contact with the nitro-aromatic portion of... 

Figure 5.27 1-D polymer of (a) [Au3(MeN=COMe)3]-[2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone] (b) [Au3(MeN=COMe)3]-[2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone] showing the Au- -C interactions.

Another interesting characteristic of the trinuclear [Au3(CH3N = COR)3] (R = Me, Et) complexes is that they can act as electron donors with organic acceptor molecules such as nitro-9-fluorenones [46]. Thus, they form adducts with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (deep yellow and red R=Me, Et, respectively), 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone (red R = Me), 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone (red R = Et). The solid state structures of the complexes formed with [Au3(CH3N = COMe)3] and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone or 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone consist of planar gold(I) trimers interleaved with the nitro-9-fluorenones to form columns in the crystal. The distances between the faces of both portions indicate that interactions occur between the gold atoms, rich in electronic density, and the nitroaromatic portion of the electron acceptor. The difference between them stems from the greater complexity of the... 

Other 7r-complexing reagents are 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (1). The crystalline adducts are usually formed in ethanol, glacial acetic add, or toluene solution and recrystallised from similar solvents. They are useful both for the characterisation and also for the isolation of appropriately reactive aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Aroyl- benzoic acid °C Compound with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone Compound with 1,3,5-trinitro-benzene Styphnate Other derivatives °c... 

Up to 10 mM 30nAmM 1 2-3 min 2,4,7-Trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) was electrochemically polymerised on the carbon surface to avoid interferences. Flow-measurements. 

Similarly, chemical modification of Au MeN = COMe)3 also destroys its luminescent behavior. For example none of the oxidation products, Au3Xn(MeN = COMe)3 (n = 2, 4, or 6), shown in Scheme 3 are luminescent [45]. AuT3(MeN = COMe)3 and Au MeN = COMe)3 form several crystalline charge transfer complexes deep yellow Au MeN = COMe 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, red AuI3(MeN = COMe)3 - 2,4,5,7-tetra-nitro-9-fluorenone, red Au MeN = COEt)3 2- 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone and red Au MeN = COEt)3 2- 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone [46]. The... 

In the first part of this chapter we review some basic concepts of photoconductivity which are followed by a renew of some experimental techniques and how these have been applied to characterize some of the well known polymeric systems such as poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) and the charge transfer complex of PVK and 2,4,7,trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF). The second part of this chapter is a review of the extensive original and patent literature on a variety of photoconducting polymers. 

Recently, Tanikawa et all94) discussed the photoconductivity of poly[i-( i-N-carbazolyethyl)-L-glutamate] and its charge transfer complex with 2,4,7, -trinitro-9-fluorenone. The photocurrents in this polymer are about one order of magnitude smaller than those of PVK at all measured wavelengths. The complex with TNF has a peak photocurrent at 600 nm while the absorption spectrum of the polymer... 

Among the electron acceptors which exhibit the sensitization 133 are various nitro compounds, cyano-compounds, some organic acids such as phthalic acid, carboxylic acid anhydrides, quinones, etc. The most efficient electron accepting sensitizer known to date is 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF)134,135. Not surprisingly,... 

The major advantages of the HTOF technique are that it is not subject to trapping constraints nor the restrictions concerning the absorption depth of conventional photocurrent transient measurements. The principal limitation is that it is limited to photorefractive materials. Malliaras et al. (1995) used the HTOF method to measure mobilities of ternary mixtures of poly(N-vinylcarbazole), 2.4.7-trinitro-9-fluorenone, and 4-(hexyloxy)nitrobenzene. Results obtained by the HTOF method were in good agreement with those obtained by conventional photocurrent transient measurements. 

Melz (1972) measured photogeneration efficiencies of charge-transfer complexes fonned between PVK and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF). The thermalization distance varied from 25 A for the 1.0 0.06 PVK TNF molar ratio to 35 A for the 1.0 1.0 molar ratio. For all concentrations, the primary quantum... 

Photogeneration efficiencies of vapor-deposited 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) were reported by Bulyshev et al. (1984). For photon energies greater than 3.0 eV, the results were described by a primary quantum yieild of 0.20 and a thermalization distance of 25 A. The geminate pair dissociation was described by an autoionization mechanism due to Balode et al. (1978). In agreement with model, the photogeneration efficiency was only weakly temperature dependent. 

Bassler (1984) reexamined Pfister s (1977) data for TPA doped PC. Bassler suggested that the field and temperature dependencies of the mobility could be explained by arguments based on energetic disorder. Bassler extended the same argument to a series of arylalkane derivatives doped into a PC and PS (Pai et al., 1983), and charge-transfer complexes formed between 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (Gill, 1972,1976). 

---