Trichothecenes fungal toxins

Cundliffe, E., Cannon, M., and Davies, J. (1974). Mechanism of inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis b trichothecene fungal toxins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 30-34. 

CuNDLiFFE, E., and J. E. Davies Inhibition of initiation, elongation and termination of eukaryotic protein synthesis by trichothecene fungal toxins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 11, 491 (1977). 

Trichothecene mycotoxin Toxin produced by fungal molds it inhibits protein synthesis, impairs DNA synthesis, and interferes with cell membrane structure and function. 

The presence of fungal toxin is one of the most important concerns in human and farm animal health. Trichothecene raycotoxins are a group of natu-... 

Toxin T-2 (Trichothecene) Fungal mould, Fusarium sporotrichioides Y 1, 65... 

In addition to their impacts as mycotoxins, trichothecenes are also known as phytotoxins for the toxin-producing phytopathogenic fungi 230 Above all, Fusarium species, such as F. graminearum and F. culmorum, are the problematic fungal species producing trichothecenes because they are the causal pathogens of Fusarium head... 

Trichothecenes occur worldwide in grains and other commodities grown in cooler climates. Colonization and toxin production by Fusarium spp. occur in the field however, some toxin production can also occur in storage. Mild temperatures tend to encourage fungal growth and cool temperatures increase toxin production (0-15°C). Trichothecenes tend to be produced in toxic concentrations in years of wet weather when harvests are delayed and prolonged. 

Trichothecene mycotoxins are highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes in all species. Skin irritation was experienced by laboratory workers accidentally exposed to trichothecene producing fungal cultures or crude extracts of T-2 toxin. Skin irritation has also been used as a basis for a semiquantitative bioassay to detect these toxins (Bamburg... 

Trichothecene mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of various fungal species. Structures of some trichothecene mycotoxins of interest to the US ARMY are given in Figure 1. Several methods have been reported for the analysis of these toxins (1-11, 15). Of these, mass spectrometry techniques are both sensitive and definitive when applied to toxicologic and environmental samples. With current technology, the most sensitive and qualitatively definitive analytical technique for the determination of these toxins is derivatization with an electron deficient moiety followed by analysis with negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (NICI-GC/HS). 

Activator Controlling Trichothecene Toxin Biosynthesis. Fungal Genet Biol 26 ... 

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