Trichloroacetic acid resorcinol

The phenols pyrocatechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone can be detected with all chloramine T reagents. The detection sensitivity is about the same with chloramine T - sodium hydroxide and chloramine T - trichloroacetic acid. In all cases the detection limits are ca. 75 ng substance per chromatogram zone after the plate has been subsequently dipped in a paraffin oil solution. Somewhat less favorable detection limits of 150 to 200 ng substance per chromatogram zone are obtained after treatment with chloramine T - hydrochloric acid and chloramine T - sulfuric acid. 

Phthalein type dyes have been prepared from 2,3-dicarboxypyrazine by heating with phenols or aromatic amines and zinc chloride. For example, compound (25) was obtained with resorcinol (1353). Efforts to prepare 2,6-diaminopyrazine through a Curtius-Schmidt reaction on 2-acetamido-6-carboxypyrazine (with sodium azide, sulfuric acid, and trichloroacetic acid) proved unsuccessful (434). The preparation of bicyclic heterocyles from 2-amino-3-carboxypyrazines has been described in Section VIII. 1D(6). 

Resorcinol solutions have been used in combination with glycolic acid, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Many modified versions of Jessner s solution have been presented, containing kojic acid, hydroquinone, etc. The effectiveness of these resorcinol solutions depends on skin preparation, skin sensitivity and thickness, the type of applicator and the force of application, the number of coats applied, the type of solution used, the quality of the solution s preparation, etc. Moreover, products with a tyrosinase-inhibiting action (kojic acid, hydroquinone, etc.) only produce their effect in the long term. Single application of these products cannot treat melasma in any way. Only repeated applications, allowing the gradual absorption of products that inhibit melanocyte metabolism, can be considered as an effective treatment. 

Glycolic acid Jessner s solution Pyruvic acid Resorcinol Salicylic acid Trichloroacetic acid Tretinoin Malic acid Deep chemical peels... 

The standard formulation of Jessner s solution is listed in Table 7.1. Modified Jessner s solutions are also available which do not contain resorcinol (Delasco, Council Bluffs, lA) (Table 7.2). Like Jessner s solution itself, this modified solution can enhance the effect of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) when the two are applied together [6]. 

Equal volumes of a and b are mixed as required. Heated 5—10 min in a drying oven at 100—105 C (for ketoses) or 10—15 min on the water bath in a moist atmosphere at 70— 80 C (uronic acids). Any collidine or pyridine present interferes with the colour reaction. Resorcinol, orcinol, phloroglucinol or a-naphthol may be used instead of the naphthoresorcinol. The trichloroacetic acid solution may be replaced by a tenth of its volume of 85% phosphoric acid. 

Combes (Jessner s) solution Resorcinol 14 g Salicylic acid 14 g Lactic acid 85 % 14 mL Ethanol 95 % 100 mL Trichloroacetic acid 10-25 %... 

When making reference, even superficially as we do, to the chemical and pharmacological properties of these diverse molecules, we realize that acidity is far from being the only mechanism of action that causes the previously documented peel-induced modifications of the skin. The pH alone is only destructive in the case of trichloroacetic acid. The other substances act mainly through toxic effects (phenol, resorcinol and, at a lower level, salicylic... 

These include 10-15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), beta-hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid, topical tretinoin, and one to two coats of Jessner s solution [14% resorcinol, 14% salicylic acid, 14% lactic acid, and ethanol). These peels penetrate the stratum corneum and possibly the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. Because of the very superficial depth of pene-... 

Photoaging Wrinkle severity index +++Retinoic acid +++Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 30% ++Glycolic acid ++Resorcinol ++Jessner s solution +Salicylic acid... 

A brief study of the chemistry of the molecules and solutions used in chemical peels immediately questions the hypothesis that acidity is the only basis for the action of peeling solutions. In fact, with the exception of trichloroacetic add (TCA) and non-neutralized glycolic acid solutions, the most commonly used peeling solutions are only weakly acidic, and phenol and resorcinol mixtures may not be acidic at all, having a pH greater than 7 in some formulations. 

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