Birdsfoot trefoil

Toxicity of Tall Fescue Leachates to Rape (Brassica nigra L.) and Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus comlculatus L.)... 

Table I. Germination of rape and birdsfoot trefoil seeds in petri dishes containing fescue extracts ...

Both root and leaf leachates reduced germination of birdsfoot trefoil seeds. The root lengths of rape seedlings were reduced by all concentrations of leachate from fescue roots and leaves. As the concentrations of fescue leachate increased, root growth of rape was reduced. The leachate had no significant effect on the root length of birdsfoot trefoil roots. 

Table VI. Percent germination of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover seeds exposed to leaf extracts of tall fescue genotypes ...

An additional study was done to determine the effects of tall fescue leachates on the growth of birdsfoot trefoil. The genotypes 237, 360 and 698 appeared to have the greatest inhibition on germination in the previous test so leaves of these plants were cut from the roots and soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Ratios of 3, 5 and 10 g of leaves per 100 ml of distilled water were used. 

Dry weights of birdsfoot trefoil roots and shoots were retarded by the 10 g concentration of genotypes 360 and 698 as compared with the control (Table VII). Other treatments had no significant effect on root weight. 

Seven individual spots that appeared on the chromatogram were cut from the paper and soaked in 80% ethanol for 2 hours. The extract was evaporated to dryness. To insure removal of formic acid, 3 to 5 ml of 80% ethanol was added and repeatedly evaporated to dryness. After final drying, 16 ml of distilled water was added to each fraction and used for the germination test with birdsfoot trefoil. 

Table X. Percent germination and root hypocotyl length of birdsfoot trefoil as affected by organic acids (concentration 10 1n and pH 4) ...

All organic acids at concentrations of 10 N retarded germination and growth of birdsfoot trefoil seedlings, but no growth retar-dation occurred at 10 ... 

Inhibition of cytochromes of electron transport system can be caused by cyanogenic glycosides, such as amygdalin (Fig. 11.14) in bitter almonds, Prunus amygdalus, linamarin and lotaustralin in clover and birdsfoot trefoil, or dhurrin (Fig. 11.14) in Sorghum vulgare. The potent effect of cyanide on cell respiration has given rise to a recent serious conservation problem. In Southeast Asia, divers stun fish on coral reefs with a blast of cyanide to collect them for the aquarium trade. In the process, many fish are killed and the corals bleached, because their symbionts die (e.g. Payne, 2001). 

Crop plants versus weeds. Both thin and dense field stands of Kentucky-31 fescue were observed by Peters (68) to be relatively free of weeds. Extracts of fescue, sand cultures, and split-root-system experiments demonstrated that fescue produced toxic chemicals which exuded from the roots and inhibited growth of wild mustard and birdsfoot trefoil. 

Robbins, M.P. et al.. Genetic manipulation of condensed tannins in higher plants. II. Analysis of birdsfoot trefoil plants harboring antisense dihydroflavonol reductase constructs. Plant Physiol, 116, 1133, 1998. 

Increased stands of wild carrots show up, for example, after Propazine treatment, of birdsfoot trefoil after Simazine treatment and of green foxtail and crab grass after Atrazine treatment. Are these biological particularities not amazing in view of the very small structural differences ... 

Results of a cyanide test with the Guignard sodium picrate reaction. BT birdsfoot trefoil, WC white clover, RC red clover, CO control (no plant material)... 

Plants to be tested Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus comiculatus) or apple seeds or almonds... 

We will test birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus comiculatus, along with other legume species... 

Each team uses a set of seven vials one for 3 leaves of birdsfoot trefoil (about 25 mg of material) one for 6 leaves of the same species one each for 3 and 6 leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens) and one each for 3 and 6 leaves of red clover (Trifolium pratense). Finally, one vial is a blank, with no plant material at all. 

In this second part, we will test a number of specimens of the same species in each of several locations for variation of cyanogenesis in a population. We will use Trifolium repens (white clover) or Lotus comiculatus (birdsfoot trefoil). To collect the plants in a systematic fashion, we lay out a grid. Sticks mark the ends of rows (transects) on a lawn or in a field. We start with one plant, then pick one plant 1 m along the transect, and so forth. If no plant of interest exists at that point, the closest plant is chosen, and the next one will be 1 m from that, and so on. 

Narrow-leaf birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus temiifolius CL.) Reich) 6 8 10... 

Table 14.6. Effects of gypsum on water-soluble Mo, soil pH, and Mo content of birdsfoot trefoil...

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