Germination tests

Seed germination. Tests for allelochemical Inhibition of wild mustard [Brasslca kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. plnnatlflda (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] seed germination were made according to the methods of Leather (3). Germination of white clover (Trlfollum... 

Seven individual spots that appeared on the chromatogram were cut from the paper and soaked in 80% ethanol for 2 hours. The extract was evaporated to dryness. To insure removal of formic acid, 3 to 5 ml of 80% ethanol was added and repeatedly evaporated to dryness. After final drying, 16 ml of distilled water was added to each fraction and used for the germination test with birdsfoot trefoil. 

Numbers reported are a percent germination at the shown concentration (1 x 10M to the exponent shown). Many other values are shown in the referenced article (10). but the values recorded in this paper represent the highest activity at the lowest concentration. There is a great deal of variability in the results of germination tests as noted by many references in this text. See also ref.. 25 and 26. 

The use of a battery of environmental bioassays for the management of hazardous wastes is applied in the Czech Republic [176]. This battery of environmental bioassays has included representatives of producers, consumers, and destructors D. magna (possible substitution by D. pulex), acute, reproduction, chronic test Scenedesmus quadricauda S. capricomutum), as bottle test or in microwell plates Poecillia reticulate (Danio rerio), acute, chronic, embryolarval tests 5. alba (Lactuca sativa), germination test, 72 hours. 

Four bioassays a) 120h lettuce germination test (Lactuca sativa) b) 48h acute crustacean test (Ceriodaphnia dubia) c) 96h acute amphipod test (Hyalella azteca) Waters collected from wells dug in an urban landfill, sediments collected in an adjacent river... 

To answer the second charge of the Committee, mouse tests are included. Of the organisms for which germinal tests have been developed, the mouse is closest to man. 

The most sensitive and inexpensive tests involve microorganisms and cell cultures, whereas the tests most closely related to the human situation are the relatively insensitive germinal tests in the mouse. 

Risk Estimation. In this step, the effect per unit of exposure is estimated. For genetic effects, there are two components estimation of damage to germ cells, and estimation of impact on future generations. To estimate genetic risk, results from germinal tests in the mouse can be used to extrapolate to possible human effects. 

Table 9-1 lists a group of mouse tests that can be used for confirmation if, for any reason, mammalian germinal tests are deemed necessary. It may sometimes be desirable, before a germinal test, to do a somatic spot test, which is more sensitive and less expensive than germinal tests. 

Third There has been spectacular progress in developing short-term tests that use microorganisms and mammalian cell cultures. These tests are sensitive, efficient, reproducible, and inexpensive, but their relevance for humans is uncertain. Germinal tests on laboratory mice... 

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