Treatment of overdose

A detailed discussion of the treatment of TCA overdose is beyond the scope of this chapter. Important principles of TCA overdose include removal of drug if possible, intensive cardiac monitoring, and support of respiratory, cardiac, and CNS functions. For a detailed discussion of the treatment of overdose, readers are referred to Rogers and Nichols Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care (1996). 

In overdose, the antihistamines cause convulsions, hallucinations, excitement, ataxia, incoordination, and athetosis. On exam patients may exhibit fixed, dilated pupils with a flushed face, sinus tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth, and fever. At high doses the patient can become comatose, which is often followed by cardiorespiratory collapse and death within 2 to 18 hours (Babe and Serafin, 1996). Treatment of overdose is mainly supportive, with efforts to manage the anti-colinergic effects. 

Much more is known about overdose with the immediate-release formulation of bupropion than with the newer, SR and XL formulations. Reported reactions to overdose with the immediate-release form include seizures, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, and sinus tachycardia. Treatment of overdose should include induction of vomiting, administration of activated charcoal, and electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic monitoring. For seizures, an intravenous benzodiazepine preparation is recommended. 

Treatment of Overdose/Toxieity (Saliey-late Poisoning)... 

Isoprenaline occasionally has a place in the management of cardiac conditions in which bradycardia is a feature, e.g. low cardiac output associated with slow heart rate after extracorporeal circulation in patients with excessive p-blocking therapy. It may also be used in the treatment of overdose with (3-adrenoceptor antagonists and for refractory bradyarrhythmias prior to cardiac pacing. Isoprenaline is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma on account of its 32 effects. 

Butorphanol Tartrate With this drug, dependence, withdrawal, and interactions are similar to that of opioids. Butorphanol has less potential to produce dependence when compared with morphine, but it is a drug of abuse. Naloxone acts as an antagonist and can be used for the treatment of overdose.35... 

Even in an intensive care unit, treatment of overdose with tricyclic antidepressants can be very challenging (157). 

Nikethamide has actions similar to doxapram hydrochloride and was formerly given intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally for the treatment of overdose due to nervous system depressants. However, it can be dangerous and should not be used. 

Animals may be affected by the short-acting barbiturates much in the same way as humans. Lethargy, coma, respiratory depression, ataxia, hypothermia, and hypotension have been described in poisoning. Some short-acting barbiturates are utilized as veterinary euthanasia agents. The treatment of overdose is similar to that in humans. 

Canada Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Prescribing information must not be less than 6 or 7 point. Any special storage information. Availability. Where full prescribing information can be found. Symptoms and treatment of overdose... 

Treatment of the adverse effects of PCP is difficult for several reasons. PCP has a very high volume of distribution (6.2 liters per kilogram (L/kg) in humans) and its clearance is primarily by metabolism (Cook et al. 1982) with only a small contribution from renal excretion. Its major sites of action in the central nervous system (CNS) are far removed from the beneficial effects of most traditional treatment methods such as dialysis. In addition, there is no specific antagonist for PCP s adverse effects. These pharmacokinetic and receptor-medicated characteristics make it very difficult to develop effective treatment strategies. Some of the current methods for treatment of overdose are urine acidification, diazepam administration to control convulsions (Aronow and Done 1978 ... 

The specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil has been found useful in the treatment of overdose and in reversing the effects of long-acting benzodiazepines used in anesthesia see Chapter 16). 

These records include letters from regulatory agencies and users, and descriptions of any action taken following receipt of such information. The records should include information on toxicity, dosage, contraindications, adverse reactions, symptoms and treatment of overdoses, warnings, and other related matters. 

Hyperkalemia usually exacerbates the cardiac toxicity of class I drugs. Treatment of overdose with these agents is often carried out with sodium lactate (to reverse drug-induced arrhjThmiasj and pressor sympathomimetics (to reverse drug-induced hypotension) if indicated. 

Treatment of overdose life support and symptomatic treatment for acute lidocaine toxicity. Most of the cases present with mild symptoms that respond to temporary discontinuation of treatment and decreasing the dosage. Dialysis was found to play no role in the treatment of lidocaine overdose. 

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