Overdose treatments

Nalorphine was the first compound used for narcotic (heroin in particular) overdose treatment however, it exhibits a number of side effects such as visual hallucinations, and therefore its use is prohibited in some countries. The most popular synonym for this drug is narkan. 

Unlabeled Uses Control of paroxysmal hypertension before and during surgery for pheochromocytoma, peripheral vasospasm caused by ergot alkaloid overdose, treatment adjunct for MI, valvular regurgitation... 

With an acute overdose, treatment includes discontinuation of lithium and use of various supportive measures, because no antidote is available. Initial steps recommended by Ayd (334) include the following ... 

Other drug-delivery systems may include double emulsions, usually W/O/W, for transporting hydrophilic dmgs such as vaccines, vitamins, enzymes, hormones [441], The multiple emulsion also allows for slow release of the delivered drug and the time-release mechanism can be varied by adjusting the emulsion stability. Conversely, in detoxification (overdose) treatments, the active substance migrates from the outside to the inner phase. 

In an in vitro study, bentonite was an effective adsorbent of lithium the authors suggested that it be explored as an overdose treatment (562). 

Pinpoint pupils opiate overdose (treatment = naloxone)... 

PO. Well absorbed, enters CNS, excreted without undergoing metabolism, half-life = 4-6 hrs. Elimination is slowed by alkalination of urine. Often abused. Severe tolerance and dependence. Methamphetamine ( Speed") acts similarly, but is very addictive and often abused. MAO inhibitors hypertensive crisis, CNS overstimulation. Barbiturates supraadditive mood elevation. Tricyclic Antidepressants potentiate CNS stimulation, inhibit metabolism of amphetamine. Overdose treatment Acidify urine. Give chlorpromazine to treat CNS symptoms and alpha-receptor blocker to lower blood pressure. 

Hollow Fiber Entrapped Microsomes as a Liver Assist Device in Drug Overdose Treatment... 

Multiple emulsions are complex systems wherein droplets of (he dispersed phase contain additional but smaller droplets, identical to or different from the continuous phase. Even so there are many interesting fields of potential research and applications, such as vaccine formulations, enzyme immobilization, and drug overdose treatment (122). Ttie disadvantages of current multiple emulsions are obvious. Internal droplet growth and release as well as degradation to heterogeneous O/W or W/O formulations results in shear sensitivity and bad long-term multiplicities. Besides, those systems are problematic to produce al industrial scale. 

There is no specific antidote to duloxetine, but if serotonin syndrome ensues, specific treatment (such as with cyproheptadine and/or temperature control) may be considered. In a case of acute overdose, treatment should consist of general measures employed in the management of overdose with any drug. 

Drug overdose Treatment of lithium overdose must be individualized to the chnical condition. Three case reports have highlighted the number of options that are available to clinicians. 

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