Doxapram hydrochloride

C) Preparation of Doxapram Hydrochloride [3,3-Diphenyl-1-Ethyl-4-(2-Morpholino-Ethylj-2-Pyrrolidinone Hydrochloride Monohydrate] A solution of 25 grams (0.076 mol) of 4-(2-chloroethyl)-3,3-diphenyl-1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 13.3 grams (0.153 mol) of morpholine in 500 ml of absolute ethanol was heated at 95°-120°C for 21 hours in a closed system and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 3(X) ml of two normal hydrochloric acid and extracted with 150 ml of ethyl acetate. A solid crystallized (13 g) during the extraction and was removed by filtration. MP 217°-219°C. The acid extracts were made basic with sodium hydroxide and extracted with ether, and the ether solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was suspended in six normal hydrochloric acid. Additional crystalline product formed and was recrystallized from two normal hydrochloric acid. Yield, 10 grams MP 217°-219°C. Total yield, 23 grams (70%). 

If the rat experiences respiratory problems during recovery, doxapram hydrochloride is administered (Dopram-V 0.10 cc, i.p. Ayerst Laboratories). Two days following surgery, the patency of each cannula is checked and betadine is applied to the surgical wound (10% Povidone-iodine Purdue Frederick). 

Infra-red Spectrum. Principal peaks at wavenumbers 1683, 753, 710, 1253, 696, 764 (doxapram hydrochloride, KBr disk). 

Doxapram Hydrochloride Propantheline Bromide 472.8 Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate... 

Crotetamide is a mixture in equal parts by weight of cropropamide and crotethamide. It has similar actions to doxapram hydrochloride and has been used as a respiratory stimulant in man as well as illicitly in racehorses. When crotetamide was given intravenously, the incidence of adverse effects was 25 % (1-3). 

Martin JL. Clinical evaluation of doxapram hydrochloride, a respiratory stimulant. J Okla State Med Assoc 1973 66(12) 481-7. 

Fancourt GJ, Ashton RJ, Talbot IC, Wales JM. Hepatic necrosis with doxapram hydrochloride. Postgrad Med J... 

Etamivan has actions similar to doxapram hydrochloride and has been used as a respiratory stimulant. However, it has a low therapeutic index and the incidence of adverse effects from intravenous etamivan is high. Laryngospasm, sneezing, and substernal chest pain have been among the reactions recorded after intravenous infusion. 

Nikethamide has actions similar to doxapram hydrochloride and was formerly given intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally for the treatment of overdose due to nervous system depressants. However, it can be dangerous and should not be used. 

Its actions are very much akin to doxapram hydrochloride. It is, however, regarded to be absolutely unsafe in patients having acute porphyria because it has been associated with acute attacks. 

C) Preparation of Doxapram Hydrochloride [3,3-Diphenyl-1-Ethyl-4-l2-Morpholino-Ethyll-2-Pyrrolidinone Hydrochloride Monohydrate A solution of 25 grams (0.076 mol) of... 

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