Treatises

Although Gibbs published his monumental treatise on heterogeneous equilibrium in 187S, his work was not generally appreciated until the turn of the century, and it was not until many years later that the field of surface chemistry developed to the point that experimental applications of the Gibbs equation became important. 

The discussion focuses on two broad aspects of electrical phenomena at interfaces in the first we determine the consequences of the presence of electrical charges at an interface with an electrolyte solution, and in the second we explore the nature of the potential occurring at phase boundaries. Even within these areas, frequent reference will be made to various specialized treatises dealing with such subjects rather than attempting to cover the general literature. One important application, namely, to the treatment of long-range forces between surfaces, is developed in the next chapter. 

J. N. Israelachvili, Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic, Orlando, FL, 1985. G. Kortiim, Treatise on Electrochemistry, Elsevier, New York, 1965. 

In this section we consider electromagnetic dispersion forces between macroscopic objects. There are two approaches to this problem in the first, microscopic model, one assumes pairwise additivity of the dispersion attraction between molecules from Eq. VI-15. This is best for surfaces that are near one another. The macroscopic approach considers the objects as continuous media having a dielectric response to electromagnetic radiation that can be measured through spectroscopic evaluation of the material. In this analysis, the retardation of the electromagnetic response from surfaces that are not in close proximity can be addressed. A more detailed derivation of these expressions is given in references such as the treatise by Russel et al. [3] here we limit ourselves to a brief physical description of the phenomenon. 

N. B. Hannay, Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 6A, Surfaces I, Plenum, New York, 1976. 

J. C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 2nd ed.. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1881. 

Trassatti S 1980 Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry ed J O M Bockris, B E Conway and E Yeager (New York Plenum)... 

Polanyi J C and Schreiber J L 1973 Physical Chemistry—An Advanced Treatise vol 6 (New York Academic)... 

Tree J 1975 Unimolecular reactions experiment and theory Physicai Chemistry. An Advanced Treatise vol VIB, ed H Eyring, D Henderson and W Jest (New York Academic) pp 835-929... 

Poole C P 1983 Eieotron Spin Resonanoe a Comprehensive Treatise on Experimentai Teohniques 2nd edn (Mineola, NY Dover)... 

An excellent, up-to-date treatise on geometry optimization and reaction path algorithms for ab initio quantum chemical calculations, including practical aspects. 

An eiegant theoreticai treatise of poiymer physics which conveys an intuitive understanding of the behaviour of macromoiecuies. Charrier J-M 1990 Polymeric Materials and Processing Plastics, Elastomers and Composites (Munich Hanser)... 

Greskovioh C 1976 Milling Ceramic Fabrication Processes, Treatise on Materials Science and Technology vo 9, ed F F Y Wang (New York Aoademio) pp 15-33... 

Burke J E and Rosoiowski J H 1976 Sintering Reactivity of Solids (Treatise on Solid State Chemistry vol ed N B Hannay (New York Pienum) pp 621-59... 

It will be appreciated that the Tables are far from complete, but they do contain most of the common organic compounds which the student is likely to encounter m the course of his work m the laboratory. For compounds which are not hsted in the Tables, reference should be made to larger treatises. These include ... 

Since then, the fundamental physicochemical aspects of the synthesis and properties of ev anines have been exhaustively reviewed by Heseltine and Stunner in the fourth edition of Mee s treatise (3) and by Sturmer in Weissberger s edition of the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (4). So the purpose of this section dealing especially with thiazolomethine dyes is to give, apart from a complete and recent list of dyes and references, a description of the particularities of their chemistry and chiefly of the reaction mechanisms involved in their synthesis that have remained unknown or have not been discussed until now. 

We therefore felt it timely to attempt a critical exposition and assessment of the common methods for the evaluation of the surface area and pore size distribution of solids from adsorption measurements. Our main concern has therefore been with the use of adsorption data for these purposes rather than with adsorption per se and it is for this reason that our treatment of theoretical matters, whilst sufficiently detailed to bring out the nature of the assumptions underlying the various methods, is not exhaustive we have not set out to write a text-book or a treatise on adsorption, and our choice of material from the literature has been dictated solely by its seeming suitability for the explanation or illustration of the topic under discussion. 

For a description of electrogravimetry, see the following resource. Tanaka, N. Electrodeposition, In Kolthoff, I. M. Living, P. J., eds. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I Theory and Practice, Vol. 4. Interscience New York, 1963. 

Figure 4.12 Spherulites of poly( 1-propylene oxide) observed through crossed Polaroid filters by optical microscopy. See text for significance of Maltese cross and banding in these images. [From J. H. MaGill, Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Vol. lOA, J. M. Schultz (Ed.), Academic, New York, 1977, with permission.]...

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