Treatise on the Theory and Practice

Barrett, Francis.Lives of alchemystical philosophers with a catalogue of books in occult chemistry and a selection of the most celebrated treatises on the theory and practice of the Hermetic Art / Anonymous. London Lackington, Allen, 1815 reprint, Kila (MT) Kessinger, 1993. 387p. 

Downing, Andrew Jackson. (1844). A treatise on the theory and practice of landscape gardening, adapted to North America with a view to the improvement of country residence., 2nd edition. New York Wiley and Putnam, 55-56. 

Barrett, Francis. The Lives of AlchemysticalPhilosophers With a Critical Catalogue of Books in Occult Chemistry and a Selection of the Most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art. London Lackington, Allen and Co., 1815. 

Before examining Civil War pharmacy directly, it is essential to understand the therapeutic contexts in which that care was provided. This can be done by carefully reviewing the standard texts of the period. There are several authoritative guides The Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America, Fourth Decennial Edition (Philadelphia J. B. Lippincott, 1863) George B. Wood and Franklin Bache, The Dispensatory of the United States of America, Eleventh Edition (Philadelphia J. B. Lippincott, 1858) George B. Wood, A Treatise on the Practice of Medicine, 2 volumes. Fifth Edition (Philadelphia J. B. Lippincott, 1858) William Headland, The Action of Medicines in the System, Third Edition (Philadelphia Lindsay and Blakis-ton, 1859) and Alfred Stille, Therapeutics and Materia Medica, 2 volumes. Second Edition (Philadelphia Blanchard and Lea, 1864). Once the theory and practice of medicine during the war are understood, pharmacy begins to take on some familiar forms as the material expression of nineteenth-century medical rationalism. 

Accum wrote a number of interesting books on chemistry theory and practice and chemical amusements in addition to his Practical Treatise on Gas-Light. His book Death in the Pot A Treatise of Food, and Culinary Poisons (London, 1820), made him many enemies. Some of these may have conspired in accusing... 

VII. A Dictionary of Chemistry. Containing the Theory and Practice of that Science its application to Natural Philosophy, Natural History, Medicine, and Animal Economy. . . [tr. by James Keir], 2 vols. 4°, London, 1771 2 ed. with Appendix, A Treatise on the Various Kinds of Elastic Fluids or Gases, 3 vols. 8°, 1777 (Sotheran Cat. 832 (1932), 387). A copy annotated by Keir shows that he was preparing a new ed., which never appeared (Gurney, Cat. 20 (1958), no. 387). 

In an introductory lecture (about 1775) Black recommended Macquer s Elements of the Theory and Practice of Chymistry ( LonAon, 1758) and Lewis s New Dispensatory for the average students for further reading he referred to Dr. Boerhaave s treatise on fire , Martin s Essay on Heat TTiermometers , Neumann s Chemical Works , abridged by Lewis (1759), and the Diction. Chemie in which McQuer is said to have had the principal hand , particularly the translation (by Keir, 1771), containing many new observations which were not known to McQuer . ... 

For a description of electrogravimetry, see the following resource. Tanaka, N. Electrodeposition, In Kolthoff, I. M. Living, P. J., eds. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I Theory and Practice, Vol. 4. Interscience New York, 1963. 

Pernety, Antoine-Joseph.Treatise on the Great Art a system of physics according to Hermetic philosophy and theory and practice of the magisterium. Edited by Edouard Blitz. Edited by Edouard Blitz. Boston (MA) Occult Publ Co, 1898. 255 p. 

Currie LA (1978) Sources of error and the approach to accuracy in analytical chemistry. In Kolthoff IM, Elving PE (eds) Treatise on analytical chemistry. Part I. Theory and practice, vol.l, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 95-242... 

An extensive literature exists on the disturbance caused by the size and shape of the sampler. Hvorslev (1949) produced a treatise on this topic which is still of practical value. In his treatise, he discussed the forces and sediment deformations involved in drive samplers and define the principal dimensions which are relevant to disturbance and shown in Figure 5.15. A summary of the characteristics of various corers with reference to several recommended design criteria is presented in Tables 5.4 and 5.5. A review indicates that there is a gross discrepancy between theory and practice. 

Liebhafsky HA, Schweikert EA, and Myers EA (1986) The nature of X-rays, spectrochemical analysis by conventional X-ray methods, and neutron diffraction and absorption. In Elving PJ, Meehan EJ, and Kolthoff IM (eds.) Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part I, Theory and Practice, 2nd edn, vol. 8, ch. 13, pp. 209-309. New York Wiley. 

An early account (Dawson 1976) of the bridge between the subsequent developments of the device by physicists (who refer to the device as the Paul Trap ) and chemists (who have used several names, most often simply ion trap but sometimes quadrupole ion storage trap, QUISTOR , 3D trap and, in one commercially available form, ion trap mass spectrometer ), was followed by extensive reviews written by and for chemists (e.g., Todd 1991 March 1992) and a three-volume set (March 1995) covering theory, practicalities and applications. More recently an excellent first introduction for chemists (March 1997) was updated (March 1998) and followed by a comprehensive treatise on the subject (March 2005). An interesting personal perspective by one of the leading contributors to the field (Stafford 2002) describes the additional problems faced in producing a commercial instrument. 

Boyle was not alone in attempting to apply the atomic hypothesis to chemistry. Nicolas Lemery (1645-1715) suggested that the properties of substances could be explained in terms of the shapes of their atoms. The sharp taste of acids was due to their atoms being pointed and able to prick the tongue. Metals dissolved in acids because the points of the acid particles were able to break up the aggregation of metal particles. Lemery described his theories in his book Cours de Chymie published in 1675 (Figure 3.3). Lemery s book was also a comprehensive treatise on the practical chemical knowledge of the time. It ran to many editions and was very influential. 

An ambitious and comprehensive survey which has only recently begun publication is the Treatise on Analytical Chemistry edited by I. M. Kolthoff and P. J. Elving (Interscience, 1959-) which is intended to be a complete and authoritative reference work in three parts covering Theory and Practice of Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements, and Analysis of Industrial Products. Each part consists of a number of volumes contributed by an international group of experts. Extensive literature references are supplied. 

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