Septal defects, ventricular

Tikkanen J, Heinonen OP. 1991. Risk factors for ventricular septal defect in Finland. Public Health 105 99-112. 

Possible abnormalities that can be observed include retroesophageal aortic arch, ventricular septal defects, and partially undescended thymus. 

CS301 Williams, L. J., A. Correa, and S. Rasmussen. Maternal lifestyle factors and risk for ventricular septal defects. Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol 2004 70(2) 59-64. 

Complete heart block following closure of ventricular septal defects IV 0 04-0 06 mg (2-3 ml of diluted solution). 

In other conditions of cardrogenic shock (due to mechanical abnormalities) e.g. acute mitral regurgitation or ventricular septal defect, surgical correction is usually required. 

Mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect < 100 >20 <2.5 Vasodilators, inotropic drugs, circulatory assist, surgery... 

Transcatheter closure of atrial or ventricular septal defect Obliteration of anastomosis... 

A variety of Amplatzer devices are applicable for LAA occlusion including the atrial and ventricular septal defect devices, the patent foramen ovale devices, the patent ductus arteriosus devices, and other arteriovenous fistulae devices. A special fabric-free LAA plug is currently under investigation (Rg. 2). 

Post-surgical and post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect... 

The vast majority of ventricular septal defects (VSD) are congenital. Acquired VSDs are almost always a consequence of septal rupture following myocardial infarction, traumatic VSDs as a consequence of sharp or blunt chest trauma are exceptionally rare. Typically the post myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (PMIVSD) occurs within the first week after the event (41). In the current era of thrombolysis about 0.2% of patients develop a VSD as a result of septal necrosis. Medical management of these patients is limited and carries a 30-day mortality of 94% compared with 47% who were treated surgically (42). 

Crenshaw BS, Granger CB, Birnbaum Y, et al. Risk factors, angiographic patterns, and outcomes in patients with ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-1 (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Trial Investigators. Circulation 2000 101(1 ) 27—32. 

Lock JE, Block PC, McKay RG, et al. Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects. Circulation 1988 78 361-368. 

Blunt chest injury Mechanical artificial heart Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect Patent foramen ovale Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula Particularly with right to left shunt Catheterization, angioplasty Primary oxalosis, hydatid cyst... 

Hypoxemia has been incidentally reported (SEDA-15, 125) (24), and most probably resulted from an increase in right-to-left cardiac shunting (in a patient with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia). Atracurium (0.2 mg/kg) may have produced a fall in systemic vascular resistance, perhaps from histamine release pancuronium was subsequently given without incident. 

In 1976, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Gamma Benzene Hexachloride (Kwell) Alert, based in part on several poorly documented cases of convulsions after topical treatment with lindane (6). Indeed, several authors have reported convulsions (7-9), but in most cases lindane had been inappropriately used (4,7), while another case took place in unusual therapeutic circumstances (prematurity, marasmus, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, ventricular septal defect) (8). A child with convulsions after the application of lindane had tuberous sclerosis and may therefore have had a reduced threshold for convulsions (9). 

Complete atrioventricular block occurred in a 10-year-old child with a history of hypertension, severe renal dysfunction, incomplete right bundle branch block, and a ventricular septal defect that had been repaired at birth (10). After slow induction with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide 66%, complete atrioventricular block occurred when the inspired sevoflurane concentration was 3% and reverted to sinus rhythm after withdrawal of the sevoflurane. The dysrhjrthmia recurred at the end of the procedure, possibly caused by lidocaine, which had infiltrated into the abdominal wound, and again at 24 hours in association with congestive cardiac failure following absorption of peritoneal dialysis fluid. 

Hydralazine is indicated for the treatment of cardiac valvular insufficiency and ventricular septal defects in humans. It reduces afterload, thus reducing the volume of regurgitant or shimted blood and thereby improving forward flow. There are no data to support the oral administration of hydralazine to horses and it is only useful as an acute vasodilator. Hydralazine has not been critically evaluated in horses with CHF. 

A 6-year-old girl is referred to a physician for evaluation. She is known to have mild mental retardation and a ventricular septal defect (VSD). On physical examination, the patient is noted to have some facial dysmorphism, including a long face, a prominent nose, and flattening in the malar region. In addition, the patient s speech has an unusual quality. Which description best explains the patient s condition ... 

Ventricular septal defect 3rd, 4th, and 5th LICS High Often harsh... 

Other uses of TEE include identification of cardiac thrombus, especially thrombi in the left atrium, and assessment of atrial dilation. After transient ischemic attacks or cerebrovascular accidents, TEE may enable identification of the site of cardiac emboli by providing excellent images of likely sources of such, namely, ventricular or atrial thrombus, valvular vegetation, cardiac shunts, cardiac tumors, or atrial and ventricular septal defects. In a study of almost 1500 patients with cerebral ischemia or nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, atrial thrombi were seen in 183 patients when evaluated by TEE versus only 2 patients using TTE. TEE can be used for intraoperative cardiac imaging to ascertain development of ischemia. 

Surgical repair of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus (without residua beyond 6 mo)... 

---