Organic cation transport

In contrast, some Type II cations, such as N-(4,4-azo-n-pentyl)-21-deoxy-ajmalinium and rocuronium, have been shown to be transported by rat Oatp 2 [64—66]. Since human OATP2 or OATP8 cannot transport organic cations [53], the molecular mechanism for the uptake of Type II cations (e.g., rocuronium) into isolated human hepatocytes [11] remains to be clarified. Although human OATP-A transports rocuronium, its hepatic expression is minimal [66]. 

In addition to PepTl, there is a related renal transporter, PepT2. There are also a series of other uptake transporters (organic anion transporting polypeptides, organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters), which are expressed primarily in the liver and other tissues but are not known to affect oral bioavailability. 

Organic Anion Transport Organic Cation Transport... 

Macdonald C, Shao D, Oli A, Agu RU (2013) Characterization of Calu-3 cell monolayers as a model of bronchial epithelial transport organic cation interaction studies. J Drug Target 21(1) 97-106... 

Methly-4-phenyl-l, 2,3,6-tetrahydropytidine Organic Cation Transporters... 

The organic cation transporters (OCTs) facilitate the uptake of many cationic drugs across different barrier membranes from kidney, liver, and intestine... 

Wright SH and Dantzler WH. Molecular and cellular physiology of renal organic cation and anion transport. Physiol Rev 2004 84 987-1049. 

Bednarczyk D, Ekins S, Wikel JH and Wright SH. Influence of molecular structure on substrate binding to the human organic cation transporter, hOCTl. Mol Pharmacol 2003 63 489-98. 

Suhre WM, Ekins S, Chang C, Swaan PW and Wright SH. Molecular determinants of substrate/inhibitor binding to the human and rabbit renal organic cation transporters hOCT2 and rbOCT2. Mol Pharmacol 2005 67 1067-77. 

These properties were used to synthesize an organic cation (Table 17-10) with a higher efficiency as a clay stabilizer than the typical salts used in the oil industry to this point. These additives provide additional benefits when used in conjunction with acidizing and fracturing treatments. A much lower salt concentration can be used to obtain the same clay-stabilizing effectiveness [830, 833]. The liquid product has been proven to be much easier to handle and transport. It is environmentally compatible and biodegradable in its diluted form. 

Y Horibe, H Ueda, KJ Kim, VHL Lee. (1998). Organic cation drug transport in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva. In preparation. 

Cell lines, such as the Caco-2 and MDCK cells [27, 35, 47, 49, 57, 67, 128-133], have been used frequently to study different transporters in the GI tract. These cell lines have been evaluated for transport both in absorptive and secretory direction and in addition also been transfected with specified transporter systems of interests to yield new clones [23, 31, 72, 79, 80, 134] or co-cultures [135], Some of the uptake transporters belonging to the organic cation transporter (OCT) family have also been identified in cell lines such as the pig kidney cell line LLC-PK1, and MDCK [67, 136]. In fact, its presence in Caco-2 cells needs to be further elucidated as reports have shown both the absence and presence of transporters from this family of transporters [136-138],... 

L. M., Feng, B., Giacomini, K. M., Functional characteristics and steroid hormone-mediated regulation of an organic cation transporter in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001, 299, 392— 398. 

C. D., Characterization of MMP+ secretion across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers role of P-glycoprotein and a novel Na+-dependent organic cation transport... 

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