Transport method

The concentration profile is steeper for the MacCormack method than for the upstream derivatives, but oscillations can still be present. The flux-corrected transport method can be added to the MacCormack method. A solution is obtained both with the upstream algorithm and the MacCormack method and then they are combinea to add just enough diffusion to ehminate the oscillations without smoothing the solution too much. The algorithm is comphcated and lengthy but well worth the effort (Refs. 37, 107, and 270). 

On-Site Storage Factors that must be considered in the on-site storage of solid wastes include (1) the type of container to be used, (2) the container location, (3) public health and aesthetics, (4) the collection methods to be used, and (5) future transport method. 

J. Saltzman and P. Colella, Second-Order Corner Coupled Upwind Transport Methods for Lagrangian Hydrodynamics, LA-UR-85-678, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1987. 

Can the plant site be chosen to minimize the need for transportation of hazardous materials and to use safer transport methods and routes ... 

Guirao and Bach (1979) used the flux-corrected transport method (a finite-difference method) to calculate blast from fuel-air explosions (see also Chapter 4). Three of their calculations were of a volumetric explosion, that is, an explosion in which the unbumed fuel-air mixture is instantaneously transformed into combustion gases. By this route, they obtained spheres whose pressure ratios (identical with temperature ratios) were 8.3 to 17.2, and whose ratios of specific heats were 1.136 to 1.26. Their calculations of shock overpressure compare well with those of Baker et al. (1975). In addition, they calculated the work done by the expanding contact surface between combustion products and their surroundings. They found that only 27% to 37% of the combustion energy was translated into work. 

Boris, J. P., and D. L. Book. 1973. Flux-corrected transport I SHASTA-A fluid transport method that works. J. Comp. Phys. 11 38. 

Less-than-carload-lol rates are very higli. Therefore, the distance that the material must be shipped should be kept to a minimum. Each of the four major transportation methods in use today (railroad freight, trucking, water transport, and air travel) has its benefits and drawbacks. 

Edward H Bowman, Production Scheduling by the Transportation Method of Lmear Programming, Operations Research, 4, 100-3 (1956). 

G. Ocklind, and P. Artursson, eds. Applications of epithelial cell culture in studies of drug transport. Methods... 

Shibata, T. Muranushi, Y. Miura, T. Kishi, T. 1991. Electrical characterization of 2H-SnS2 single crystals synthesized by the low temperature chemical vapor transport method. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 52 551-553. 

Barker, E. L. and Blakely, R. D. (1998) Structural determinants of neurotransmitter transport using cross-species chimeras studies on serotonin transporter. Methods Enzymol 296, 475 198. 

Figure 3. Two entangled spiral WS2 nanotubes obtained by the chemical vapor transport method (9).

Biagioli, F. (1997). Modeling of turbulent nonpremixed combustion with the PDF transport method comparison with experiments and analysis of statistical error. In G. D. Roy, S. M. Frolow, and P. Givi (eds.), Advanced Computation and Analysis of Combustion. ENAS Publishers. 

Yan, Q. (2003) Pharmacogenomics of membrane transporters an overview, in Membrane transporters methods and protocols (Q. Yan, ed.). Methods in Molecular Biology, Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 1-20. 

Dean, M. (2005) The genetics of ATP-binding cassette transporters. Methods Enzymol., 400, 409 29. 

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)j Boundary analysis [baseline correction, 240, 479, 485-486, 492, 501 second moment, 240, 482-483 time derivative, 240, 479, 485-486, 492, 501 transport method, 240, 483-486] computation of sedimentation coefficient distribution functions, 240, 492-497 diffusion effects, correction [differential distribution functions, 240, 500-501 integral distribution functions, 240, 501] weight average sedimentation coefficient estimation, 240, 497, 499-500. 

Low levels of structural Ge" have also been observed in natural hematite from the Apex mine, Utah (Bernstein Waychunas, 1987) and to achieve charge balance, incorporation of two Fe for one Ge", i.e. similar to the two Fe" for one in ilme-nite, has been suggested. Synthetic, single crystals of Ge substituted hematite have also been grown by a chemical vapour transport method (Sieber et al. 1985). A range of elements including Zr, Ge, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W and Pb has been used as low level dopants (2 10 - 0.2 g kg ) to improve the semiconductor behaviour of hematite anodes (Anderman Kermedy, 1988). The increase in unit cell c from 1.3760 to 1.3791 nm and in a from 0.50378 to 0.50433 nm indicated that Nd (as an inactive model for trivalent actinides of similar ionic size (Am r = 0.0983 nm Nd " r = 0.098 nm)) was incorporated in the structure (Nagano et al. 1999). 

According to the definitions given above, semiconductors are characterized by Eg 0. Inorgaific materials are classified as either semiconductors or insulators if < 3 eV or E g > 3 eV, respectively. However, the MOMs scientific community often refers to insulators for E g 0.1-0.2 e V, which could also be defined as narrow gap semiconductors. Eg can be experimentally determined by optical and transport methods. However, the experimental Eg values obtained by optical methods, opt e.g., by means of absorption/rellection experiments, may differ from those derived... 

Crystals of silica can be grown using the chemical vapour transport method with hydrogen fluoride as a carrier gas. The reaction involved is ... 

P5Trite and calcite are mineral crystals that represent a wide Habitus and Tracht variation. Pyrite is the most persistent mineral among sulfide minerals, occurring in a wide range of modes, including inorganic processes and bacterial action, and it can also be synthesized by hydrothermal or chemical vapor transport methods. 

Table 3.8. Some crystals grown by chemical vapour transport method ...

If one were to judge the importance of TSL and TSC relative to other thermal transport methods for trap characterization by number of recently published papers, these techniques appear to far outweigh all others combined, even though about one-third of the publications are concerned with applications in dosimetry and related TSL (TSC) instrumentation. However, the large number of articles on TSL and TSC does not necessarily indicate any advantage in their usefulness as trap-spectroscopy tools over the other methods. What can safely be concluded is that nonisothermal TSR is still, at the present time, a very active field of research. 

Nefedov, P. P., Lavrenko, P. N. Transport Methods in the Analytical Chemistry of Polymers, 232 p., Leningrad, Khimiya, 1979 (in Russian)... 

Mercury(II) coordination compounds containing Se or Te donor atoms constitute a rather neglected area of coordination chemistry. Often the species show similarities to the corresponding sulfur compounds (see Table 17). Mercury(II) selenide, HgSe, and mercury(II) telluride, HgTe, are simply formed by direct combination of the elements.4 Single crystals are available by chemical transport methods using a pure H2 or Ar stream.402 X-Ray diffraction... 

To measure rates of transport, methods must be available for identifying molecules that have crossed the membrane. Radioactively labeled substrates are commonly used for this purpose. In a typical experiment, the substrate is added to a suspension of cells, time is allowed for transport to occur, the cells are collected and rinsed rapidly by centrifugation or filtration, and the amount of labeled substrate in the cells is measured. Control measurements usually are made with a labeled substrate that the cells do not transport. 

Knighton, J.B. Baldwin, C.E. Pyrochemical Coprocessing of Uranium Dioxide-Plutonium Dioxide LMFBR Fuel by the Salt Transport Method, Rocky Flats Report RFP-2887, CONF-790415-29 (1979). 

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