Transport applications

Medical uses for Udel resin include surgical trays, nebulizers, flow controllers for blood, and respiration regulators. Transportation applications center around automotive fuse housings, electrical connectors, and switches. Electrical and electronic end uses include coil bobbins, housings, connectors, bushings, capacitor film, and business machine parts. EinaHy, water, heater dip tubes, milking machine parts, pollution control equipment, and some filtration membranes are made. 

In North America somewhat less is used in transportation applications and rather more in plumbing. 

Aircraft radomes, ducting, spinners and other parts are often prepared from polyester resins in conjunction with glass cloth or mat. The principal virtue here is the high strength/weight ratio possible, particularly when glass cloth is used. Land, sea and air transport applications account for almost half the polyester resin produced. 

Fig. 21. Retroreflective sheeting in a transportation application. (Left, in daylight. Right, illuminated by headlight at night).

A more appropriate battery for transportation applications is probably a nickel-iron or nickel-metal hydride battery. These batteries are not as susceptible to heat and gassing as lead-acid batteries, so they can better withstand high current or high voltage charges that can dramatically shorten charging time. 

Ford Motor Company. (1997). Direct Ilydrogcn-Fuclcd Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications Hydrogen Vehicle... 

Fuel cell technology probably offers a new emerging area for polyheterocyclic polymers as membranes. Fuel cells are interesting in transport applications and are now being evaluated in Chicago in transit buses with a 275-hp engine working with three 13 kW Ballard fuel cell stacks. 

Table 4 and Fig. 18 illustrate the performance levels achieved by the active players in DMFC R D. The main goal in DMFC research in the U.S. and European programs is to achieve a stable performance level of 200 mW/cm at a cell potential of 0.5 to 0.6 V. It is because of the relatively low activity of the electrocatalyst for methanol electrooxidation that this power level is less than half that of a PEMFC with Hj as a fuel. A higher power level of the DMFC is essential for a transportation application, but the present power level goal is quite adequate for small portable power sources. 

Stewart, B. H., Chan, O. H. Use of immobilized artifidal membrane chromatography for drug transport applications. /. Pharm. Sci. 1998, 87, 1471-1478. 

The major fields of application for dispersants include cement slurries, drilling fluids, oil spill-treating agents, and transport applications. 

Coating operations. This includes all of the operations associated with preparation and application of the vitreous coating. Usually this incorporates ball milling, slip transport, application of slip to the workpieces, cleaning and recovery of faulty parts, and firing (fusing) of the enamel coat. 

To minimise hazardous additives in used goods and to improve their recyclability, it is, for example, required to strictly label appliances containing hazardous substances and to improve safe handling of those goods. For persistent hazardous substances like fluorinated compounds, inventories covering production, trade, transportation, applications and disposal are extremely helpful to identify sources and sinks in the technosphere and in the environment and their impact. 

Compared with hydrogen as a gas, liquid hydrogen has a much higher volume-related energy density and is, therefore, principally better suited for storage, for example, on-board vehicles and for transport applications (see also Chapter ll).4 However, hydrogen liquefaction is an energy-intensive process. 

Ferrel, J., Kotar, A. and Stern, S. (1996). Direct Hydrogen Fuelled Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications. Final report, Section 3 Hydrogen Infrastructure Report. Prepared for the Ford Motor Company and the Department of Energy. 

Looking at the transport application and the concerns of automotive technicians, interest is still restricted. One reason is that fuel-cell vehicles are not yet ready for marketing. The market introduction scenarios are shown in Chapter 14. Another reason is that the biggest share of the automotive turnover comes from buying and selling vehicles (82%) and not from maintenance and repair. In Germany, maintenance only constitutes 6%, repairs 4% and accident repairs 8% (DAT-Veedol-Report, 2001). 

---