Transparent conducting substrates

Cairns, D. K. Crawford, G. P. 2005. Electromechanical properties of transparent conducting substrates for flexible electronic displays. Proc. IEEE. 93 1451-1458. 

The simplest photoelectrochemical cells consist of a semiconductor working electrode and a metal counter electrode, both of which are in contact with a redox electrolyte. In the dark, the potential difference between the two electrodes is zero. The open circuit potential difference between the two electrodes that arises from illumination of the semiconductor electrode is referred to as the photovoltage. When the semiconductor and counter electrode are short circuited, a light induced photocurrent can be measured in the external circuit. These phenomena originate from the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor. In conventional photoelectrochemical studies, the interface between the flat surface of a bulk single crystalline semiconductor and the electrolyte is two dimensional, and the electrode is illuminated from the electrolyte side. However, in the last decade, research into the properties of nanoporous semiconductor electrodes interpenetrated by an electrolyte solution has expanded substantially. If a nanocrystalline electrode is prepared as a film on a transparent conducting substrate, it can be illuminated from either side. The obvious differences between a flat (two dimensional) semiconductor/ electrolyte junction and the (three dimensional) interface in a nanoporous electrode justify a separate treatment of the two cases. 

Fig. 6.1) utilization of the solar spectrum. and needs a transparent conducting substrate. Two photons and current balancing needed. 

Conductive polymers have been produced to develop smart windows by electrodeposition of various high conductivity polymers on transparent conductive substrate. A suspended particle device that enables users to control the passage of light through glass or plastic windows has been commercialised. The specially treated panes can also be used to shield instrumentation. In such systems a polymer film between two panes of glass or plastic is... 

Chen F, Qiu W, Chen X, Yang L, Jiang X, Wang M, Chen H (2011) Large-scale fabrication of CdS nanorod arrays on transparent conductive substrates from aqueous solutions. Sol Energy 85 2122... 

Liu, B. Aydil, E.S. Growth of oriented single-crystalline rutile Ti02 nanorods on transparent conducting substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 131 11 (2009), pp. 3985-3990. 

O. Marcovitch, Z. Klein, and I. Lubezky, Transparent conductive indium oxide films deposited on low temperature substrates by activated reactive evaporation, Appl. Opt., 28 2792-2795 (1989). 

Figure 6.14 illustrates an OLED microcavity structure that comprises a stack of organic layers for providing EL, an upper electrode, and a bottom bilayer electrode of metal transparent conductive layer. The thickness of the transparent conductive layer (e.g., ITO) in the OLED structures can be varied across the substrate surface so as to achieve color tuning. One typical structure of the devices is glass/Ag/ITO (with a graded film... 

Substrates DME = dropping mercury electrode FTO = fluorine-doped tin oxide G = graphite GC = glassy carbon GrC = graphic carbon ITO = indium tin oxide-coated glass SC = single crystals SS = stainless steel TCO = transparent conducting oxide VC = vitrious carbon. Miscellaneous ECALE = electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy ED = electrodeposition ML = monolayer RT = room temperature SMD = sequential monolayer deposition V = vacuum. 

The crosslinkable COCs have been suggested for the use as alternatives for a glass substrate of a liquid crystal display devices and an electroluminescence (EL) display devices. Moreover, a crosslinkable COC can be used as a polarizing film, surface protective film, retardation film, transparent conductive film, light diffusion film, film for EL display devices, transparent conductive composite material, anti-reflection film, etc. Methods how to prepare these types of films have been described in detail (47). 

Dye-sensitized solar cells are typically fabricated upon transparent conducting glass substrates, enabling light irradiance through this substrate under... 

A schematic representation of the construction and operating principles of the nc-DSC is shown in Fig. 7.1. In the basic version, the device consists of two glass substrates coated with a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) such as SnC>2 F, with high optical transmission and low resistance. 

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