Transition strategies

Design strategies and measures for the initiative, including a transition strategy that may be an exit or continued inteivention such as advertising and education. 

Tu C, Louws FJ, Creamer NG, Mueller JP, Brownie C, Fager K, Bell M, Hu S (2006) Responses of soil microbial biomass and N availability to transition strategies from conventional to organic farming systems. Agric Ecol Environ 113 206-215... 

Cf. e.g. the texts in the theme Transition strategies in Okologisches Wirtschaften... 

Hydrogen can be generated from a variety of sources fossil fuels such as natural gas, naphtha, fuel oils, coal renewable fuels such as landfill gas and water by electrolysis. Generating hydrogen from fossil fuels is viewed as a transitional strategy on the pathway to an environmentally responsible, sustainable energy economy (DOE, 1998). 

Molten carbonate fuel cells use a mixture of carbonates that are liquid at operating temperature—600°C to 650°C. MCFC, like SOFC, operates at a higher temperature than the PEMFC does it does not require a fuel reformer and it can be operated with a hydrogen-rich fuel. The MCFC s liquid electrolyte means more handling issues. It does not have the ability to be pressurized. The MCFC could serve a niche market of data centers and hospitals. FuelCell Energy has recently made a commercial offering of MCFCs. These fuel cells will probably not have the same market penetration potential as SOFCs and thus would likely have little or no impact as a transition strategy for H2 use. 

Distributed production. The DOE should continue its work with standards development organizations to ensure that timely codes and standards are available to enable a transition strategy that emphasizes the distributed production of hydrogen. 

Figure 1. Nuclear Supply Capacity as Projected by the Four Transition Strategies Comparison with the WEC-B Case...

Chapter 6 introduced the concept of functional optimization. Several examples in that chapter addressed the problem of finding the optimum temperature profile, TwaiiCz), for a steady-state tubular reactor. Product transition strategies are also problems in functional optimization, but the functions to be determined are now functions of time such as ) and As suggested by the bang-bang strategy in Example... 

A longer-term need is to eliminate unbumed hydroearbon (UHC) and CO2 emissions. Gas turbines aeeount for 20% of U.S. CO2 emissions, whieh is a signifieant fraction of the total current CO2 emissions. This number will increase as natural gas turbines replaee older coal-fired steam generation plants. The use of hydrogen-blended hydrocarbon fuels thus provides both a solution to the immediate need for NOx reduction, and also provides a transition strategy to a carbon free energy system in the future. 

Most countries, in preparing transition strategies, have recognized that many different drugs are involved (see Table 7) and that more than one phase-out strategy can operate in parallel. Brand-by-brand transition is without the Montreal Pro-... 

User documentation Standard Operating Procedures Configuration specification Transition strategy Decision support rules... 

Figure 19. Bacterial representatives of active ion-transport through membranes, modeling phase-transition strategies of protein information function lines stereo-presentation of a CPK-valinomycin movie , mediating by highly sophisticated biomesogenic interplays a K -ion membrane passage [7 a, 33 p, q, 35].

A ERP system marketer "[Company] offers integrated Flow Manufacturing that enables dramatic benefits such as a 90 percent reduction in cycle time, 50-90 percent reduction in inventory and a dollar-for-dollar increase in working capital. These are all available with a low-risk transition strategy"... 

Ni, J., and Lin, Z. (2005) Technical and Economic Assessment of Transition Strategies Toward Widespread Use of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier Hydrogen Pathways. Report to the United States Department of Energy, UCD-ITS-RR-05-13, University of California Davis, Davis, CA. 

M. Takeda, W. H. Ray, Optimal-grade transition strategies for multistage polyolefin reactors , AIChE Journal, 1999, 45, 1776. 

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