Transformed root culture, Nicotiana

McLauchan, W. R., McKee, R. A. and Evans, D. M. 1993. The purification and immunocharacterisation of N-methylputrescine oxidase from transformed root cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv.SC58. Planta, 191 440 45. 

Fig. 6. Growth and alkaloid production by a transformed root culture of Nicotiana rustica. (Data redrawn from Hamill et al. 1986.) The culture was grown in liquid B5 medium + 3% sucrose at 25°C. fresh weight of tissue (blotted dry) nicotine...

Hamill JD, Robins RJ, Rhodes MJC (1989) Alkaloid production by transformed root cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. Planta Med 55 354-357 Hamill JD, Robins RJ, Parr AJ, Evans DM, Furze JM, Rhodes MJC (1990) Overexpressing a yeast ornithine decarboxylase gene in transgenic roots of Nicotiana rustica can lead tq enhanced nicotine accumulation. Plant Mol Biol 15 27-38 Hamill JD, Rounsley S, Spencer A, Todd G, Rhodes MJC (1991) The use of the polymerase chain reaction in plant transformation studies. Plant Cell Rep 10 221-224 Hartmann T, Toppel G (1987) Senecionine N-oxide, the primary product of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris. Phytochemistry 26 1639-1643... 

Robins RJ, Hamill JD, Parr AJ, Smith K, Walton NJ, Rhodes MJC (1987) Potential for use of nicotinic acid as a selective agent for isolation of high nicotine-producing lines of Nicotiana rustica hairy root cultures. Plant Cell Rep 6 122-126 Robins RJ, Parr AJ, Walton NJ, Rhodes MJC (1990) Factors regulating tropane-alkaloid production in a transformed root culture of a Datura Candida x D. aurea hybrid. Planta 181 414-422... 

Boswell HD, Drager B, Eagles J, McClintock C, Parr A, Portsteffen A, Robins DJ, Robins RJ, Walton NJ, Wong C (1999) Metabolism of iV-alkyldiamines and iV-alkylnortropi-nones by transformed root cultures of Nicotiana and Bruemansia. Phytochemistry... 

In fhe early 1980s, root cultures of Nicotiana, Hyoscyamus, Datura and Duboisia species were found fo give high yields of nicotine and tropane alkaloids and have proved useful fools for recent studies of the biosynthetic pathways to these alkaloids. Genetically transformed and untransformed root cultures have been generated and used as models for biosynthetic studies (Rhodes et al, 1990 Robins et al, 1994a,b Wildi and Wink, 2002). 

Storage capacity in a cell culture is available inside the cells (e.g., vacuoles) or in the extracellular compartment. The storage facilities of the latter can be remarkedly improved by the addition of liquid organic phases, resins, or other sorbents to the medium. Addition of XAD-7 to Catharanthus roseus cultures resulted in increased yields of indole alkaloids (SS). Addition of a dimethylsiloxane polymer to Eschscholtzia californica cultures improved yields of benzophenanthridine alkaloids ( 9), and increased yields of nicotine and anabasine were obtained by adding of XAD-2 and XAD-4 resins to Nicotiana transformed roots (90,91). 

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