Cinchona ledgeriana

Hydastis canadensis [29], Thalictrum polygamum [30] Cinchona ledgeriana [31]... 

Cinchona, the dried bark of Cinchona ledgeriana, C. calisaya, C. officinalis, and of hybrids of these and of other species of Cinchona, yielding, when assayed by a prescribed process, not less than 5% of total alkaloids. 

To remove the feedback regulation mechanism and to avoid product degradation various adsorbents have been used for the in situ separation of plant cell cultures as shown in Table 1. In situ removal with polymeric adsorbents stimulated anthraquinone production more than the adsorbent-free control in Cinchona ledgeriana cells [35]. It was found that nonionic polymeric resins such as Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-4 without specific functional groups are suitable for the adsorption of plant metabolite [36]. The use of the natural polymeric resin XAD-4 for the recovery of indole alkaloids showed that this resin could concentrate the alkaloids ajmalicine by two orders of magnitude over solvent extraction [37] but the adsorption by this resin proved to be relatively nonspecific. A more specific selectivity would be beneficial because plant cells produce a large number of biosynthetically related products and the purification of a several chemically similar solutes mixture is difficult [16]. 

Recent extractions440 of the leaves of Cinchona ledgeriana have resulted in the isolation of quinamine (previously observed), 3-ep/-quinamine, aricine, and a new alkaloid which may prove to be stereoisomeric with quinamine. 11-Hydroxy-pleiocarpamine occurs in Vinca erecta 4b and herbacine and herbaine in V. herbacea.44c Yohimbine appears to be the major alkaloid of the trunk bark of Pausinystalia macroceras, in which it occurs with four other alkaloids of this group.44d Pleiocarpamine occurs in association with nine alkaloids of the aspidospermine-eburnamine group in the stem and root bark of Hunteria elliottii (Stapf.) Pichon.44e... 

Rheum palmatum (Polygonaceae) [root], Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae), Xyris semifuscata (Xyridaceae) [leaf, stem]... 

Cinchophyllamine (91) and isocinchophyllamine (92), molecular formulae C31H36O2N4, have been isolated along with quinamine (93) from the leaves of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens (Rubiaceae). The two alkaloids each possess two 5-methoxyindole chromophores per molecule (u.v. and n.m.r. evidence). Dehydrogenation gives 7-methoxyharman (94). Of the two basic nitrogen... 

Plants belonging to the genus Cinchona of the family Rubiaceae are not indigenous to Sri Lanka. Cinchona ledgeriana Moens. was introduced into Sri Lanka with the sole intention of exporting its bark (26,27) to extract the antimalarial quinoline alkaloid quinine (9) and its D-isomer, quinidine,... 

In their studies on the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids, De Silva and co-workers have carried out a screening of some indole alkaloid producing plants of Sri Lanka for the occurrence of the first nitrogenous monoterpenoid precursor (70,71). In this survey, Rauvolfia serpentina, Strychnos nux-vomica, Cinchona ledgeriana, and a number of Mitragyna and Vinca species were tested for the presence of vincoside and 5a-carboxyvincoside. Although these two proposed bio-intermediates (at the time) were not detected, macroisolation techniques revealed the occurrence of 5a-carboxystrictosidine (78), an isomer of 5a-carboxyvincoside, in all plants tested, and strictosidine (79), an isomer of vincoside, only in... 

Generally, the Cinchona alkaloids are found in the bark and leaves of Cinchona and Bemijia species. Recently, however, small amounts of quinine and cinchonine have been isolated from the heartwood of Cinchona ledgeriana Linn (I). 

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