Transformation technologies

Landfill methods are considered the most economical and environmentally acceptable way of disposing of solid wastes throughout the world. Even with the implementation of waste reduction, recycling, and transformation technologies, disposal of residual solid waste in landfill will still remain an important component of an integrated solid waste management strategy.4... 

The plant-based production of vaccines is a potentially transformative technology, but the use of a similar technology for agricultural biotechnology has stimulated significant public debate, especially focused on genetically modified foods (GM foods). 

Biocatalysis is an emerging and transformational technology uniquely suited to the manufacture of active ingredients in the pharmaceutical and related industries as a result of recent breakthroughs in biotechnology exponential growth in publicly available sequences from the gene... 

The fully decoupled C-NMR spectrum of aspirin in CD3OD (200 mg/ml) is shown in Figure 5. The spectrum was obtained on a Varian XL-100-15 NMR spectrometer equipped with a Transform Technology TT-100 FT data system. The data represent the transformation of a 400 pulse FID obtained using 4096 data points with a 15 second delay time between accumulations.33 Peaks a-i (Figure 5) arise from the nine carbons of aspirin. The seven peak multiplet centered at 6=49.0 ppm... 

Srivasta, R., Srinivas, D., and Ratnasamy, P., in Proceedings 14th International Zeolite Conference (E.W.J. van Steen, L.H. Callanan, M. Claeys and C.T. O Connor, Eds.), p. 2703, Produced by Document Transformation Technologies, Cape Town, South Africa (2004). 

Stable and metastable iron-carbon phase diagram. The behaviour of iron and iron alloys depends on the existence of its different forms and on their transformations technologically moreover the carbon content is crucial. These aspects are clearly shown in the iron-carbon phase diagram, especially in the low... 

Maliga, P. (2003). Progress towards conunerciahzation of plastid transformation technology. Trends Biotechnol. 21(1) 20-28. 

The data presented in Table 2.1.1 clearly illustrate the advantage of transformation technologies utilizing the whole plant material and not only the oil or sugar and starch fraction. 

This paper reviews the status of regeneration and transformation technology in the major crop plants and highlights recent progress in plant biochemistry which may serve as a source of important traits for genetic engineering. 

Let s look for an architecture that is as simple as possible. Consider a five-link chain that starts with energy services, moves to technologies that deliver the services, then to energy currencies that feed the service technologies, then transformer technologies that produce the currencies, and finally the sources that the transformer technologies harvest. Such a chain is shown in Fig. 2-1. 

Finally, let s discuss the distant future from the perspective of transformer technologies in order to examine energy source options in two groupings, "reliables" and what we can call "whimsicals."... 

At the turn of this century, an aerospace and a pharmaceutical executive found themselves seated next to each other at a social event. After exchanging some pleasantries, their conversation turned to their respective industry and applications of new technology. What single most transforming technology they found integral to the growth of these two different industries Not... 

Twyman, R.M. Christou, P. Plant transformation technology particle bombardment. In Handbook of Plant Biotechnology, Christou, P., Klee, H., Eds. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Chichester, U.K., 2004 263-289. 

The time line can be a problem, especially when the optimal catalyst has yet to be developed or when no commercial catalyst is available for a particular substrate (substrate specificity) and/or when not much is known about the desired catalytic transformation (technological maturity). When developing a process for a new chemical entity (NCE) in the pharmaceutical or agrochemical industry, time restraints can be severe (see Fig. 1). In these cases it is more important to find a competitive process on time than an optimal process too late. For second generation processes, chiral switches (for existing products sold as racemates) or other products, the time factor is often not so important but here, the process must be the most cost effective. 

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