Transfer line piping

Assume that flow in each tank is BMF, and that the residence time in the transfer lines (pipes) between the inlet to the first tank and the mixing point M is negligible. 

Cleaning and Sanitizing Transfer Lines Pipes should be hard, easily cleaned, and sanitized. To avoid moisture collection and microbiological contamination, hoses should be stored in a way that allows them to drain rather than be looped. For example, transfer lines are an important source of contamination when flexible hoses are handled by operators, lying on the floor, and after they are placed in transfer or batching tanks [6],... 

Corrosion of reactors used for functionalization and ia pipes and valves along transferlines for sulfuric acid is a problem that results ia maintenance shutdowns. Sufficient agitation is needed to keep the resia beads fluidized duting sulfonation. As for copolymer kettles, transfer lines should be sufficiently large to allow reasonably rapid transfer of Hquids and resia slurries. 

Is spill containment m place around transfer pumps, pipe manifolds, production vessels, packaging lines and storage containers ... 

Whenever two-phase flow is encountered in facility piping it is usually in flowlines and interfield transfer lines. Some designers size liquid lines downstream of control valves as two-phase lines. The amount of gas involved in these lines is low and thus the lines are often sized as singlephase liquid lines. Oversizing two-phase lines can lead to increased slugging and thus as small a diameter as possible should be used consistent with pressure drop available and velocity constraints discussed in Volume 1. 

In another incident a backhoe ruptured a 3-in. polyethylene natural gas pipeline fortunately the gas did not ignite. The drawings were complex and cluttered, and the contractor overlooked the pipeline. A metal detector was not used. This would have detected the pipe as a metal wire was fixed to it, a good practice. In a third incident a worker was hand-digging a trench, as an electric conduit was believed to be present. It was actually an old transfer line for radioactive waste, and he received a small dose of radioactivity. The planner had misread the drawing. 

But problems persisted. The catalyst, moving at rapid rates, tended to disintegrate as it impacted the inside surface of equipment. Dust particles formed, clogging pipes and transfer lines and disrupting the smooth flow of operation. This difficulty in turn prevented uniform heat distribution through the system and affected the rate and extent of both cracking and regeneration. Both the volume and C uality of fuel produced suffered. 

Nitroglycerine can detonate in pipes of diameter down to approximately 5 mm. In nitroglycerine manufacture there is, therefore, an inherent danger of transmission of detonation from one manufacturing house to another in the series. Even a pipe which has been emptied of nitroglycerine can have on it a skin of the product sufficient to enable transmission of detonation from one end of the pipe to the other. To prevent the spread of an accident it is now usual to transfer nitroglycerine as a non-explosive emulsion in an excess of water. Such emulsion transfer is particularly convenient with the NAB process, as the emulsion transfer lines can also carry out the necessary process of washing and purification. 

You want to control the flow rate of a liquid in a transfer line at 350 gpm. The pump in the line has the characteristics shown in Fig. 8-2, with an 5 in. impeller. The line contains 150 ft of 3 in. sch 40 pipe, 10 flanged elbows, four gate valves, and a 3 x 3 control valve. The pressure and elevation at the entrance and exit of the line are the same. The valve has an equal percentage trim with the characteristics given in Table 10-3. What should the valve opening be to achieve the desired flow rate (in terms of percent of total stem travel) The fluid has a viscosity of 5cP and a SG of 0.85. 

A piping system takes water at 60°F from a tank at atmospheric pressure to a plant vessel at 25 psig that is 30 ft higher than the upstream tank. The transfer line contains 300 ft of 3 in. sch 40 pipe, 10 90° els, an orifice meter, a 2 x 3 pump with a 7 in. impeller (with the characteristic as given in Fig. 8-2) and a 3 x 2 equal percentage control valve with a trim characteristic as given in Table 10-3. A constant flow rate of 200 gpm is required in the system. 

Transfer line elbows must be designed with a gentle bend such that the bend radius is at least five times greater than the diameter of the pipe. This type of design produces a streamlined flow path without regions where the velocity is... 

Polymer flow issues are concerns on the part of plant operations personnel that can arise when one proposes to put an in-line NIR probe (or pair of probes) into a polymer reactor or transfer line. These concerns tend to be plant or process-specific. Plant personnel are likely to be concerned if the probe will change the pressure drop in the line, create a cold spot in the reactor or line, protrude into the flow stream, or create dead spots (e.g. recessed probes or the downstream side of protruding probes). There may also be plant- or process-specific resfricfions on where probes (or analyzers) can be located, on pipe sizes, on the use of welds, and on materials of construction. It is critical to involve plant operations personnel (including process operators) as early as possible in discussions about probe design and location. 

VG Iiyection, compression, transfer or extrusion molding Bearing retainers, tanks, tank linings, pipe, valves, process equipment... 

Quickmatch becomes a nearly instantaneous transfer line if enclosed in a narrow paper tube and is thus used under the name of Piped Match in fireworks for simultaneous initiation of several items (Ref 57, p 191)... 

A pneumatic transfer line has 300 ft of straight pipe, two long radius elbows, and a lift of 50 ft. A two-stage cyclone is at the receiving end. Solid with a density of 125 lb/cuft is at the rate of 10 tons/hr and the free air is at 5000ft/min. Inlet condition is 27psia and 100°F. Investigate the relation btween line diameter and power requirement. 

NONE No Flow 1. Flow stopped upstream. 2. Line blockage OT the isolation valve shut in error. 3. Line fracture. No absorption in column. Entire process stops as tail-gas Row As for I. Pressure buildup in pipe and secon cooler. As for I. Gases escape into the surroundings. a) Ensure liquid feeds to absorber and Stops.Other process units shut down. b) Install LOW FLOW ALARM onto the FIC. Covered by a) and b). dary c) Install kick-back on upstream pumps and ensure pressure relief system is adequate. Covered by a) and b). d) Ensure regular patrolling of feed transfer lines. e) Plant emergency shutdown procedures. 

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of heavy oil fractions is a well-known process in oil refineries. Numerous books (e.g., 1—3) and publications about the different aspects of this subject are available. This chapter is concerned with the modeling of the transfer line or riser reactor of an FCC unit (FCCU) or of a pilot plant. The riser reactor in FCCUs is a vertical pipe about 1 m in diameter and 10-30 m in height. The hot catalyst coming from the regenerator at about 710 ° C first comes in contact with steam and is fluidized. Then, at a height of some meters above, the catalyst is mixed with the preheated feedstock at about 300 ° C. 

This cylindrical, low-pressure, horizontal tank had a design rating of about 5 psig (0.3 bar). A steam coil heated this tank. The transfer line to the tank was steam traced and insulated to keep it clear, but the heat tracing and insulation system on the inlet transfer piping was less than ideal. The inlet piping had to be dismantled on several occasions to clear it because of solidification in the fine. (See Figure 6—18.) [7]... 

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