Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Sexually transmitted infections are a common cause of PID. The main organisms are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 

Johnson RE, Newhall WJ, Papp JR, Knapp JS, Black CM, Gift TL, et al. Screening tests to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections—2002. MMWR Recomm Rep. 

Buimer M, van Doornum GJ, Ching S, Peerbooms PG, Plier PK, Ram D, et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by ligase chain reaction-based assays with clinical specimens from various sites implications for diagnostic testing and screening, J Clin Microbiol 1996 34 2395-400. 

Culler EE, Caliendo AM, Nolte FS. Reproducibility of positive test results in the BDProbeTec ET system for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol 2003 41 3911-4. 

Van Der Pol B, Ferrero DV, Buck-Barrington L, Hook E III, Lenderman C, Quinn T, et al. Multicenter evaluation of the BDProbeTec ET System for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urine specimens, female endocervical swabs, and male urethral swabs. J Clin Microbiol 2001 39 1008-16. 

Clotrimazole is an imidazole antifungal agent indicated for the treatment of fungal infections caused by Candida albicans. The administration of clotrimazole would be of no use in the treatment of infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Staphylcoccus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

Tetracycline and erythromycin Tetracycline and erythromycin also are indicated for the prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. 

Acute salpingitis (pelvic inflammatory disease) due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis, or both is often complicated by superinfection with gramnegative bacilli and anaerobes. A combination of gentamicin, clindamycin, and doxycycline has been shown to be an effective treatment for this polymicrobial infection. 

Several pathogens are involved including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma hominis and there may be superinfection with bowel and other urogenital tract bacteria. A combination of antimicrobials is usually required, e.g. metronidazole plus doxycycline by mouth. 

C trachomatis and CT, Chlamydia trachomatis N, gomrrhoeae and GC, Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR, polymerase chain reaction SDA, strand displacement assay TMA, transcription-mediated amplification. 

Some of the most serious sequelae of STDs are associated with congenital or perinatal infections. Most neonatal infections are acquired at birth, after infant passage through an infected cervix or vagina. Neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are associated with this type of spread. For pregnant women with syphilis, infection is usu-... 

Lyss SB, Kamb ML, Peterman TA, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis among patients infected with and treated for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2003 139 178-185. 

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to an acute infection of the upper genital tract in women in the reproductive age, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Per definition, PID should be distinguished from pelvic infections caused by medical procedures, pregnancy, and other primary abdominal processes. PID usually results from sexually transmitted ascending infections typically by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, although 30%-40% of cases are polymicrobial. Actinomyces and tuberculosis account for rare causes of PID and may cause tubo-... 

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