Trace elements manganese

Willems et al. [37] used a polarographic method to study the miconazole complexes of some trace elements. Manganese, iron, cobalt, and zinc element formed miconazole complexes with different stability constants. Polarography was used for detecting stability constants. The evolution of the respective formation constants followed the natural (Irving-Williams) order. The stepwise constant of the complexes formed increased from manganese to cobalt and decreased for zinc. The results are discussed with respect to the possible mechanism of action of miconazole. 

Although established as an essential trace element, manganese is less well understood than many of the oilier Irace elements. The evidence for its essentiality rests extensively on the consequences of limiting or curtailing the supply of the clement of various organisms. Manganese deficiency has induced in most organisms studied u diminished life expectancy. The element is associated with reproductive processes. 

Methods were used to determine levels of chromium, lead, and cadmium in hair. Manganese concentrations in hair were evaluated for some, but not all, of the samples and tested one, but not both, new methods. However, it is assumed that both techniques will work for the trace element manganese. 

The problems, together with the required precautions to be taken, in the analysis of the trace element manganese have been reviewed by Versieck (1989). 

EDS analyses proved that degradation of the cementite lamellae in the steel took place under the influence of sulfur. The results of the analyses shown in Table 4.3 indicate that large amounts of sulfur were present in the degraded particles situated beneath the IS of the tube, down to a depth of 3.5 mna. The greatest concentration of sulfur was found 0.2 mm beneath the surface and the concentration gradually decreased towards the middle-wall. The degraded particles were also emiched in trace elements manganese, chromium and sihcon. 

With the reduction in amount of atmospheric sulphur being deposited many cereal crops are now at risk from sulphur deficiency. In the spring, 20-50 kg SOj/ha shoirld be applied on these soils. Of the trace elements manganese is the... 

Manganese is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom. It is an important trace element and may be essential for utilization of vitamin Bl. 

Cobalt, copper, molybdenum, iodine, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, and zinc are sometimes provided to mminants. Mineral deficiency or toxicity in sheep, especially copper and selenium, is a common example of dietary mineral imbalance (21). Other elements may be required for optimal mminant performance (22). ExceUent reviews of trace elements are available (5,22). 

Health and Environment. Manganese in trace amounts is an essential element for both plants and animals and is among the trace elements least toxic to mammals including humans. Exposure to abnormally high concentrations of manganese, particulady in the form of dust and fumes, is, however, known to have resulted in adverse effects to humans (36,37) (see Mineral nutrients). 

The sotrace elements, such as boron, cobalt, iron,copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, molybdenum and still others may also be used to advantage. Generally, these trace elements occur in sufficient quantities in the carbonaceous and nitrogenous constituents of the medium, particularly if derived from natural sources, or in the tap water, and the addition of further quantities of these trace elements may consequently be unnecessary. 

Yoch DC (1979) Manganese, an essential trace element for N2 fixation by Rhodospirilllum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata role in nitrogenase regulation 7 BacterioZ 140 987-995. 

Identification of sources of analytical bias in method development and method validation is another very important application of reference materials in geochemical laboratories. USGS applied simplex optimization in establishing the best measurement conditions when the ICP-AES method was introduced as a substitute for AAS in the rapid rock procedure for major oxide determinations (Leary et al. 1982). The optimized measurement parameters were then validated by analyzing a number of USGS rock reference samples for which reference values had been established first by classical analyses. Similar optimization of an ICP-AES procedure for a number of trace elements was validated by the analysis of U S G S manganese nodule P-i (Montaser et al. 1984). 

Caroli S, Forte G, Iamiceu AL, Galoppi B 1999) Determination of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in honey by inductively coupled plasma-based techniques. Talanta 50 327-336. Chiswell B, Johnson D (1994) Manganese. In Seiler HG, Sigel A, Sigel H, eds. Handbook on metals in clinical and analytical chemistry. Dekker, New York. 

Trace elements are essential cofactors for numerous biochemical processes. Trace elements that are added routinely to PN include zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, and chromium. There are various commercial parenteral trace element formulations that can be added to PN admixtures (e.g., MTE-5 ). Zinc is important for wound healing, and patients with high-output fistulas, diarrhea, burns, and large open wounds may require additional zinc supplementation. Patients may lose as much as 12 to 17 mg zinc per liter of gastrointestinal (GI) output (e.g., from diarrhea or enterocutaneous fistula losses) however, others have demonstrated that 12 mg/day may be adequate to maintain these patients in positive zinc balance.18 Patients with chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and short-gut syndrome may have increased selenium losses and may require additional selenium supplementation. Patients with severe cholestasis should have copper and manganese... 

Trace elements Provide standard parenteral trace element preparation (containing zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, and selenium) daily in PN Assess patient for any possible adjustments needed (e.g., delete copper and manganese from PN if the patient has evidence of severe cholestasis, supplemental zinc and selenium for any Gl or fistula losses) or potential deficiencies... 

Soil pH is easily tested for and determines the availability of nutrients and the success of white clover. Very acid soils (below pH 5.0) will cause a deficiency of the trace elements iron, boron, copper and molybdenum and conversely will cause injury to plant growth by increasing the availability of aluminium and manganese to toxic levels. Over-liming, on the other hand, which can raise the pH above 6.5, will reduce the availability of certain essential elements such as phosphorus, manganese and boron. 

Fig. 8.19. Histograms of trace elements in wine for manganese (a) and copper (b) (according to Danzer et al. [2001])...

Dissolved organic carbon and plant- or microbe- produced phytosiderophores increase the solubility of most trace elements in arid and semi-arid soils. This is especially important in arid regions. High pH increases the solubility of organic matter as dissolved organic carbon in arid soils. Copper, lead and nickel have a strong tendency to form complexes, while Cd complexes are weaker. Zinc, cobalt and manganese are... 

NR is c/ s -1,4-polyisoprcnc, of molecular weight 200,000-500,000, but it also contains a small level of highly important non-rubber constituents. Of these, the most important are the proteins, sugars and fatty acids which are antioxidants and activators of cure. Trace elements present include potassium, manganese, phosphorus, copper and iron which can act as catalysts for oxidation. 

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