Trace elements in food

G. W. Monier-WiUiams, Trace Elements in Food,]ohn Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1950, p. 138. 

Crews H (1998) Spedation of trace elements in foods, with special reference to cadmium and selenium is it necessary. Spectrochim Acta 533 213-219. 

The influence of various trace elements has been studied during the 1980s—1990s in the Forest Steppe and Mountain regions of the biosphere, in Ukraine. Three natural biogeochemical provinces, Carpathian, Pre-Carpathian and Forest Steppe, have been monitored for the migration of trace elements in food webs and human cancer distribution (Table 3). 

The content of trace elements in foods depends on their concentration in the raw materials and additives used in food production. In addition, trace elements may be transmitted to food from the equipment used during food processing and from the packaging material during storage. 

Specific recommendations on contaminants (e.g., maximum levels of lead, cadmium or mercury) in foodstuffs are summarized in the European Union Regulations.9 The specifications concerning trace elements in foods and food additives are As < 3mgkg 1, Pb < lOmgkg-1, and Hg and Cd < lmgkg-1. 

Schlettwein—Gsell D, Mommsen—Straub S. 1973. Trace elements in food. XII. Aluminum. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 43(2) 251—263. 

ICP-MS-coupled techniques are expected to increase in popularity, possibly leading to the commercial availability of ready-to-use speciation systems. Among the several approaches so far developed for species identification and quantification with ICP-MS detection in foods, some led to the establishment of sufficiently practicable and reliable analytical protocols for selected analytes/matrices. In a few cases, therefore, there is already the potential for validating routine control methods and this should facilitate the laying-down of species-specific regulations in the international legislation on trace elements in food. 

The aims of the food-monitoring programme 1998-2003 were (i) to monitor the content and changes over time of trace elements in food sold on the Danish market and (ii) to estimate the intake of trace elements with the entire diet and also to evaluate if any associated health consequences were likely to occur. 

A. Alberti-Fidanza, G. Burini, G. Perriello, Trace elements in food and meals consumed by students attending the faculty cafeteria, Sci. Total Environm., 287 (2002), 133-140. 

Because trace metals are ubiquitous in our environment, they are found in all of the foods we eat. In general, the abundance of trace elements in foods is related to their abundance in the environment, although this relationship is not absolute, as has been indicated by Warren (1972b). Table 5-9 presents the order of abundance of some trace elements in soil, sea water, vegetables, and humans and the order of our intake. Trace elements may be present in foods as a result of uptake from soil or feeds or from contamination during and subsequent to processing... 

Capar, S.G., Szefer, P. Determination and speciation of trace elements in foods. In Otles, S. (ed.) Methods of Analysis of Food Components and Additives, pp. 111-158. CRC Press,... 

The determination of trace elements in foods is very important as some minerals are toxic whereas others are essential for vital processes in humans. In fact, the knowledge of the relationship between the mineral content in the diet and some diseases such as hypertension or osteoporosis has increased the interest in the mineral content — or the presence of metals, if toxic — in food. USAL has proved an effective choice for removing metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu and Ca from meat [20], chloride salts from various types of... 

Mora, G, A. Metallochromic indicators in inorganic paper-chromatography for the determination of trace elements in foods. Infom. Quim. Anal. (Madrid) 20, 91 (1966) C. A. 

Marzec, Z. et al., Eds. Tables of Trace Elements in Food Products. National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, 1992 (in Polish). 

Scherz, H. and Kirchhoff, E. (2006). Trace elements in foods Zinc contents of raw foods—A comparison of data originating from different geographical regions of the world. /. Food Compos. Anal. 19,420-433. 

Calvery HO. 1941. Trace elements in foods. Food Research 7 313-331. 

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry is an accurate and sensitive technique for determining toxic trace elements in food matrices. Lead, cadmium, and thallium have been analyzed rapidly down to very low levels by ICP-MS. The latter technique is particularly useful for simultaneous measurement of a wide range of elements. Because the toxicity of an element can be highly dependent on its chemical form, ICP-MS is also useful in the speciation of toxic minerals in foodstuffs by combination with HPLC or SEC. 

Monier-Williams GW (1949) "Trace Elements in Food". Chapman and Hall, London. Zitat in Underwood Trace elements in human and animal nutrition. 1977 RDA (1980) Food and Nutrition Board. Ntl. Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th Ed. Washington D.C. 

S. W. Monier-Williams, Trace Elements in Food, Chapman and Hall, Londom 1949, p. 30. 

Khedr AA, Abbas MA, Abdel Wahid AA, Quick WP, Abogadallah GM (2003) Prohne induces the expression of salt-stress-responsive proteins and may improve the adaptation of Pancratium maritimum L. to salt-stress. J Exp Bot 54 2553-2562 Laszlo R, Csaba H (2004) Iodine and selenium intake from soil to cultivated mushrooms, 2nd international symposium - trace elements in food, Brussels, Belgium, 7-8 October, Abstracts, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium, p 21 Lemly AD (1993) Guidelines for evaluating selenium data from aquatic monitoring and assessment studies. Environ Monit Assess 28 83-100... 

Another issue which highlights the importance of continued research for methods for trace elements in foods and beverages is related to the Nutrition... 

Fordham, P. J., GramshavyJ. W., Castle, L., and Crews, H, M. (1995). Determination of trace elements in food contact polymers by semi-quantitative inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Performance evaluation using alternative multi-element techniques and in-house polymer reference materials.J.H a/./ /. Spectrom. 10(4), 303. 

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